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Cyanobacterial abundance has increased disproportionately, and this trend is likely to continue in the coming decades. This increase not only has deleterious effects on ecosystem biodiversity but also adversely affects drinking water supplies, livestock watering, crop yields, aquaculture, etc. Thus, the proliferation of cyanobacterial blooms presents human and animal health risks due to the common production of potent toxins, cyanotoxins. Moreover, these risks are aggravated by the accumulation potential of cyanotoxins and their transference to the food chain. In spite of the worldwide increasing occurrence of cyanotoxins, they are still underestimated in regulations. However, risk management of cyanotoxins is only possible after a thorough risk evaluation, and for that purpose, toxicity and exposure data are required. Thus, occurrence and monitoring information is of key importance, and new data in relation to the conditions that favor cyanobacterial growth and cyanotoxin production are welcome in order to prevent their appearance. On the other hand, in regard to toxicity, there are still many data gaps to fill. This book compiles 10 research papers and a review, which provide valuable contributions on all these aspects and demonstrate the importance of cyanobacteria toxins research.

inflammatory bowel disease --- dextran sulfate sodium --- colitis --- microcystin --- colon --- HAB --- Adda --- canine intoxication --- MMPB --- urinalysis --- hair --- ELISA --- LC-MS/MS --- Microcystin-LR --- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease --- No Observed Adverse Effect Level --- Leprdb/J mice --- hepatotoxicity --- oxidative stress --- TiO2 enriched phosphopeptides --- Cyanotoxins --- microcystin congeners --- MC-LA --- nutrients --- climate --- Great Lakes --- raw water intake --- multivariate statistics --- long-term monitoring --- cyanobacteria --- microcystin-LR --- cylindrospermopsin --- cyanotoxins mixture --- plant growth --- toxin bioaccumulation --- cyanotoxin --- structure --- PP2A inhibition --- liquid chromatography --- mass spectrometry --- cyanotoxins --- metal --- zinc --- Microcystis aeruginosa --- in vivo --- genotoxicity --- micronucleus --- comet assay --- enzyme-modified comet assay --- rats --- drinking water quality --- Mozambique --- public health --- Llayta --- Nostoc --- flow cytometry --- liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) --- risk assessment --- management strategies --- modelling --- n/a

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At present, cyanobacteria and their toxins (also known as cyanotoxins) constitute a major threat for freshwater resources worldwide. Cyanotoxin occurrence in water bodies around the globe is constantly increasing, whereas emerging, less studied or completely new variants and congeners of various chemical classes of cyanotoxins, as well as their degradation/transformation products are often detected. In addition to planctic cyanobacteria, benthic cyanobacteria, in many cases, appear to be important toxin producers, although far less studied and more difficult to manage and control. This Special Issue highlights novel research results on the structural diversity of cyanotoxins from planktic and benthic cyanobacteria, as well as on their expanding global geographical spread in freshwaters.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- Meiktila Lake --- Raphidiopsis --- Microcystis --- cylindrospermopsin --- deoxycylindrospermopsin --- microcystin --- cyanobacteria --- cyanopeptides --- harmful bloom --- liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry --- global natural product social networking (GNPS) --- dereplication strategy --- earthquakes --- harmful algal blooms --- sediment --- sediment cores --- co-occurrence --- toxicity --- plastics --- metals --- biocide --- anatoxin-a --- dihydroanatoxin-a --- Tychonema --- neurotoxicosis --- cyanotoxins --- macrophytes --- benthic --- tychoplanktic --- reservoir --- Maumee Bay --- Sandusky Bay --- Planktothrix --- anatoxin --- cyanotoxin detection --- harmful cyanobacterial blooms --- next-generation biomonitoring --- real-time PCR --- qPCR --- LC-MS/MS --- saxitoxin --- ESI-LC-MS/MS --- 16S rRNA phylogeny --- Azores --- eutrophication --- long term monitoring --- water quality --- microcystins --- anabaenopeptins --- microginins --- aeruginosins --- aeruginosamide --- SPE --- Lake Vegoritis --- deep-chlorophyll layers (DCLs) --- cyanobacterial toxins --- allelopathy --- bioactive metabolites --- hypoxia --- Georgian Bay --- peptide --- NRPS --- anabaenopeptin --- Synechococcus --- temperate lakes --- cyanotoxins (CTs) --- microcystins (MCs) --- volatile organic compounds (VOCs) --- taste and odor (T&O) compounds --- SPE-LC-MS/MS --- HS-SPME-GC/MS --- LC–qTRAP MS/MS --- fragmentation spectra --- structure elucidation --- cyanobacterial metabolites --- Greek freshwaters --- planktonic cyanobacteria --- blooms --- monitoring --- analysis --- mass spectrometry --- Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) --- fish tissue --- shellfish --- detection methods --- n/a --- LC-qTRAP MS/MS

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
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At present, cyanobacteria and their toxins (also known as cyanotoxins) constitute a major threat for freshwater resources worldwide. Cyanotoxin occurrence in water bodies around the globe is constantly increasing, whereas emerging, less studied or completely new variants and congeners of various chemical classes of cyanotoxins, as well as their degradation/transformation products are often detected. In addition to planctic cyanobacteria, benthic cyanobacteria, in many cases, appear to be important toxin producers, although far less studied and more difficult to manage and control. This Special Issue highlights novel research results on the structural diversity of cyanotoxins from planktic and benthic cyanobacteria, as well as on their expanding global geographical spread in freshwaters.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- Meiktila Lake --- Raphidiopsis --- Microcystis --- cylindrospermopsin --- deoxycylindrospermopsin --- microcystin --- cyanobacteria --- cyanopeptides --- harmful bloom --- liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry --- global natural product social networking (GNPS) --- dereplication strategy --- earthquakes --- harmful algal blooms --- sediment --- sediment cores --- co-occurrence --- toxicity --- plastics --- metals --- biocide --- anatoxin-a --- dihydroanatoxin-a --- Tychonema --- neurotoxicosis --- cyanotoxins --- macrophytes --- benthic --- tychoplanktic --- reservoir --- Maumee Bay --- Sandusky Bay --- Planktothrix --- anatoxin --- cyanotoxin detection --- harmful cyanobacterial blooms --- next-generation biomonitoring --- real-time PCR --- qPCR --- LC-MS/MS --- saxitoxin --- ESI-LC-MS/MS --- 16S rRNA phylogeny --- Azores --- eutrophication --- long term monitoring --- water quality --- microcystins --- anabaenopeptins --- microginins --- aeruginosins --- aeruginosamide --- SPE --- Lake Vegoritis --- deep-chlorophyll layers (DCLs) --- cyanobacterial toxins --- allelopathy --- bioactive metabolites --- hypoxia --- Georgian Bay --- peptide --- NRPS --- anabaenopeptin --- Synechococcus --- temperate lakes --- cyanotoxins (CTs) --- microcystins (MCs) --- volatile organic compounds (VOCs) --- taste and odor (T&O) compounds --- SPE-LC-MS/MS --- HS-SPME-GC/MS --- LC-qTRAP MS/MS --- fragmentation spectra --- structure elucidation --- cyanobacterial metabolites --- Greek freshwaters --- planktonic cyanobacteria --- blooms --- monitoring --- analysis --- mass spectrometry --- Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) --- fish tissue --- shellfish --- detection methods