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Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Pharmacology --- Nucleotides --- Pharmacology, Clinical --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Nucleotides, Cyclic. --- Cyclic Nucleotides --- cyclic --- cyclic. --- Cyclic. --- Cyclic Nucleotide --- Nucleotide, Cyclic --- Nucleotides, Cyclic

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Calcium --- Glycerides --- Nucleotides, Cyclic --- Phosphoproteins --- Sugar Phosphates --- Secondary ion mass spectrometry --- Phosphoprotéines --- Spectrométrie de masse des ions secondaires --- periodicals --- Periodicals --- Périodiques --- Calcium. --- Nucleotides, Cyclic. --- Phosphoproteins. --- Cyclic Nucleotides --- Blood Coagulation Factor IV --- Coagulation Factor IV --- Factor IV --- Factor IV, Coagulation --- metabolism. --- Phosphoprotéines --- Spectrométrie de masse des ions secondaires --- Périodiques --- MDBIOCHE --- metabolism --- periodicals. --- Calcium-40 --- Calcium 40 --- Periodicals. --- Phosphoprotein --- Cyclic Nucleotide --- Nucleotide, Cyclic

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Genetics --- Human biochemistry --- Animal biochemistry --- Enzymology --- Molecular biology --- Calcium --- Nucleotides, Cyclic --- Phosphoproteins --- Cyclic nucleotides --- Phosphorylation --- Proteins --- Nucléotides cycliques --- Phosphoprotéines --- Protéines --- periodicals --- Physiological effect --- Periodicals --- Metabolism --- Effets physiologiques --- Périodiques --- Métabolisme --- Calcium. --- Nucleotides, Cyclic. --- Phosphoproteins. --- Protein Kinases --- #TS:KOMA --- Protein Kinase --- Kinase, Protein --- Kinases, Protein --- Cell Cycle Proteins --- Cyclic Nucleotides --- Blood Coagulation Factor IV --- Coagulation Factor IV --- Factor IV --- Factor IV, Coagulation --- Nucléotides cycliques --- Phosphoprotéines --- Protéines --- Périodiques --- Métabolisme --- MDBIOCHE --- periodicals. --- Calcium-40 --- Calcium 40 --- Periodicals. --- Phosphoprotein --- Cyclic Nucleotide --- Nucleotide, Cyclic

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A signature feature of living organisms is their ability to carry out purposeful actions by taking stock of the world around them. To that end, cells have an arsenal of signaling molecules linked together in signaling pathways, which switch between inactive and active conformations. The Molecular Switch articulates a biophysical perspective on signaling, showing how allostery—a powerful explanation of how molecules function across all biological domains—can be reformulated using equilibrium statistical mechanics, applied to diverse biological systems exhibiting switching behaviors, and successfully unify seemingly unrelated phenomena.Rob Phillips weaves together allostery and statistical mechanics via a series of biological vignettes, each of which showcases an important biological question and accompanying physical analysis. Beginning with the study of ligand-gated ion channels and their role in problems ranging from muscle action to vision, Phillips then undertakes increasingly sophisticated case studies, from bacterial chemotaxis and quorum sensing to hemoglobin and its role in mammalian physiology. He looks at G-protein coupled receptors as well as the role of allosteric molecules in gene regulation. Phillips concludes by surveying problems in biological fidelity and offering a speculative chapter on the relationship between allostery and biological Maxwell demons.Appropriate for graduate students and researchers in biophysics, physics, engineering, biology, and neuroscience, The Molecular Switch presents a unified, quantitative model for describing biological signaling phenomena.

Cellular signal transduction. --- Cellular control mechanisms. --- Cell regulation --- Biological control systems --- Cell metabolism --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Bioenergetics --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Information theory in biology --- Alexander Gann. --- Bohr effect. --- Bruce Mayer. --- Cell Signaling. --- Genes and Signals. --- MWC enzymes. --- Mark Ptashne. --- Michaelis-Menten Enzymes. --- Tony Pawson. --- Wendell Lim. --- allosterome. --- bacterial aerotaxis. --- cyclic nucleotide gated channels. --- enzyme phenomenology. --- gene expression. --- genome packing. --- glycolosis. --- ligand-receptor binding. --- logic gates. --- membrane receptors. --- nucleosomes. --- phoshofructokinase. --- signal transduction.

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Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are in vivo molecular imaging methods which are widely used in nuclear medicine for diagnosis and treatment follow-up of many major diseases. These methods use target-specific molecules as probes, which are labeled with radionuclides of short half-lives that are synthesized prior to the imaging studies. These probes are called radiopharmaceuticals. The use of PET and SPECT for brain imaging is of special significance since the brain controls all the body’s functions by processing information from the whole body and the outside world. It is the source of thoughts, intelligence, memory, speech, creativity, emotion, sensory functions, motion control, and other important body functions. Protected by the skull and the blood–brain barrier, the brain is somehow a privileged organ with regard to nutrient supply, immune response, and accessibility for diagnostic and therapeutic measures. Invasive procedures are rather limited for the latter purposes. Therefore, noninvasive imaging with PET and SPECT has gained high importance for a great variety of brain diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, motor dysfunctions, stroke, epilepsy, psychiatric diseases, and brain tumors. This Special Issue focuses on radiolabeled molecules that are used for these purposes, with special emphasis on neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- SV2A --- SV2B --- SV2C --- microPET --- [18F]UCB-H --- epilepsy --- PBIF --- distribution volume --- blocking assay --- preclinical imaging --- Alzheimer’s disease (AD) --- network measure --- graph theory --- brain network --- positron emission tomography (PET) --- persistent homology --- Phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) --- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) --- Benzoimidazotriazine (BIT) --- fluorinated --- Mouse Liver Microsomes (MLM) --- cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase --- PDE2A radioligand --- nitro-precursor --- fluorine-18 --- in vitro autoradiography --- PET imaging --- opioid receptors --- positron emission tomography --- radiotracers --- μOR-, δOR-, κOR- and ORL1-ligands --- movement disorders --- pain --- drug dependence --- GBM --- biomarkers --- Sigma 1 --- Sigma 2 --- PD-L1 --- PARP --- IDH --- Alzheimer’s disease --- Parkinson’s disease --- β-amyloid plaques --- neurofibrillary tangles --- α-synucleinopathy --- diagnostic imaging probes --- orexin receptors --- PET --- radiotracer --- imaging --- alpha 7 --- nicotinic acetylcholine receptors --- nAChR --- autoradiography --- amino acid --- FET --- FACBC --- FDOPA --- immunoPET --- molecular imaging --- glioma --- brain metastases --- adenosine A2A receptor --- rotenone-based mouse model --- [18F]FESCH --- two-step one-pot radiosynthesis