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In recent years, the formulation of innovative photocatalysts activated by visible or solar light has been attracting increasing attention because of their notable potential for environmental remediation and use in organic synthesis reactions. Generally, the strategies for the development of visible-light-active photocatalysts are mainly focused on enhancing degradation efficiency (in the case of environmental remediation) or increasing selectivity toward the desired product (in the case of organic synthesis). These goals can be achieved by doping the semiconductor lattice with metal and/or non-metal elements in order to reduce band gap energy, thereby providing the semiconductor with the ability to absorb light at a wavelength higher than the UV range. Other interesting options are the formulation of different types of heterojunctions (to increase visible absorption properties and to reduce the recombination rate of charge carriers) and the development of innovative catalytic materials with semiconducting properties. This reprint is focused on visible-light-active photocatalysts for environmental remediation and organic synthesis, featuring the state of the art as well as advances in this field.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Materials science --- TiO2 --- activated carbon --- nanohybrid --- photodegradation --- azo dyes --- sunlight --- photocatalysis --- visible light --- biomass --- waste --- green chemistry --- nanocatalysis --- nitrobenzene --- Ag/Cu2O --- persulfate --- sulfate radical --- heterostructure --- diamond nanocrystals --- bacterial photoinactivation --- sillenite Bi12NiO19 --- Rietveld method --- optical properties --- BB41 dye --- electrospinning --- carbon composite nanofibers --- water pollution --- Ag3PO4 --- photocatalyst --- C3N4 --- MoS2 --- composite --- photocatalytic oxidation --- Cr(VI) reduction --- cobalt --- decolorization --- Remazol Black --- sulfur --- hydrophosphination --- zirconium --- phosphines --- TiO2 thin film --- oxygen and argon gas flow rates --- acetaminophen --- photocatalytic activity --- response surface method --- Box-Behnken design --- TiO2 --- activated carbon --- nanohybrid --- photodegradation --- azo dyes --- sunlight --- photocatalysis --- visible light --- biomass --- waste --- green chemistry --- nanocatalysis --- nitrobenzene --- Ag/Cu2O --- persulfate --- sulfate radical --- heterostructure --- diamond nanocrystals --- bacterial photoinactivation --- sillenite Bi12NiO19 --- Rietveld method --- optical properties --- BB41 dye --- electrospinning --- carbon composite nanofibers --- water pollution --- Ag3PO4 --- photocatalyst --- C3N4 --- MoS2 --- composite --- photocatalytic oxidation --- Cr(VI) reduction --- cobalt --- decolorization --- Remazol Black --- sulfur --- hydrophosphination --- zirconium --- phosphines --- TiO2 thin film --- oxygen and argon gas flow rates --- acetaminophen --- photocatalytic activity --- response surface method --- Box-Behnken design
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Materials of extreme wetting properties have received significant attention, as they offer new perspectives providing numerous potential applications. Water- and oil-repellent surfaces can be used, for instance, in the automobile, microelectronics, textile and biomedical industries; in the protection and preservation of constructions, buildings and cultural heritage; and in several other applications relevant to self-cleaning, biocide treatments, oil–water separation and anti-corrosion, just to name a few. The papers included in this book present innovative production methods of advanced materials with extreme wetting properties that are designed to serve some of the abovementioned applications. Moreover, the papers explore the scientific principles behind these advanced materials and discuss their applications to different areas of coating technology.
Research & information: general --- robust superhydrophobic surface --- surface assembly mechanism --- surface disintegration mechanism --- superhydrophobic --- Cu2O --- oil-water separation --- hydrophobic treatments --- oleophobicity --- nano-particles --- stone protection --- anti-graffiti coatings --- chemical cleaning --- acrylic-based paints --- felt-tip markers --- water repellency --- calcium hydroxide --- siloxane --- marble --- cultural heritage --- conservation --- sodium methyl silicone --- earth site --- silt --- the height of capillary rise --- microscopic mechanism analysis --- XRD --- XRF --- SEM --- MIP --- plasma deposition --- organosilicon thin layers --- morphology analysis --- surface molecular structure --- goose down --- wettability --- fungus resistance --- robust superhydrophobic surface --- surface assembly mechanism --- surface disintegration mechanism --- superhydrophobic --- Cu2O --- oil-water separation --- hydrophobic treatments --- oleophobicity --- nano-particles --- stone protection --- anti-graffiti coatings --- chemical cleaning --- acrylic-based paints --- felt-tip markers --- water repellency --- calcium hydroxide --- siloxane --- marble --- cultural heritage --- conservation --- sodium methyl silicone --- earth site --- silt --- the height of capillary rise --- microscopic mechanism analysis --- XRD --- XRF --- SEM --- MIP --- plasma deposition --- organosilicon thin layers --- morphology analysis --- surface molecular structure --- goose down --- wettability --- fungus resistance
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Photoactive nanomaterials have been receiving increasing attention due to their potential application in the light-driven degradation of water and gas-phase pollutants. However, to exploit the great potential of photoactive materials and access their properties requires fine-tuning of their size/shape-dependent chemical–physical properties, and on the ability to integrate them in photoreactors or to deposit them onto large surfaces. Therefore, the synthetic approach as well as post-synthesis manipulation could strongly affect the final photocatalytic properties of the nanomaterial. The aim of the present Special Issue is to report on the most recent progress towards the application of photoactive nanomaterials and nanomaterial-based coatings in pollutant degradation, paying particular attention to cases close to real application: scalable synthetic approaches to nanocatalysts, preparation of nanocatalyst-based coatings, degradation of real pollutants and bacterial inactivation, and application in building materials.
toxicity --- polar herbicide --- composite nanorods --- heterojunction --- degradation --- nanocomposites --- nanoparticles --- polyester --- TiO2 nanotube --- environmental remediation --- building materials --- hydroxyapatite --- VOCs --- reactive green 12 --- Pt loaded TiO2 --- nanomaterials --- expansion --- photocatalytic activity --- CuxO/TiO2 --- water remediation --- antimicrobial properties --- sputtering --- diclofenac --- mesoporous --- TiO2 --- advanced oxidation processes --- mortar --- disinfection --- HiPIMS --- microcracks --- Cu2O --- sulfate attack --- NOx --- photocatalysis --- blast furnace slag --- paraquat --- recalcitrant pollutants --- shell thickness --- water treatments --- visible light LEDs --- cement --- deterioration --- transformation products --- gas-phase pollutants --- titanium dioxide --- photoelectrocatalysis --- Z-scheme
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Materials of extreme wetting properties have received significant attention, as they offer new perspectives providing numerous potential applications. Water- and oil-repellent surfaces can be used, for instance, in the automobile, microelectronics, textile and biomedical industries; in the protection and preservation of constructions, buildings and cultural heritage; and in several other applications relevant to self-cleaning, biocide treatments, oil–water separation and anti-corrosion, just to name a few. The papers included in this book present innovative production methods of advanced materials with extreme wetting properties that are designed to serve some of the abovementioned applications. Moreover, the papers explore the scientific principles behind these advanced materials and discuss their applications to different areas of coating technology.
Research & information: general --- robust superhydrophobic surface --- surface assembly mechanism --- surface disintegration mechanism --- superhydrophobic --- Cu2O --- oil–water separation --- hydrophobic treatments --- oleophobicity --- nano-particles --- stone protection --- anti-graffiti coatings --- chemical cleaning --- acrylic-based paints --- felt-tip markers --- water repellency --- calcium hydroxide --- siloxane --- marble --- cultural heritage --- conservation --- sodium methyl silicone --- earth site --- silt --- the height of capillary rise --- microscopic mechanism analysis --- XRD --- XRF --- SEM --- MIP --- plasma deposition --- organosilicon thin layers --- morphology analysis --- surface molecular structure --- goose down --- wettability --- fungus resistance --- n/a --- oil-water separation
Choose an application
Materials of extreme wetting properties have received significant attention, as they offer new perspectives providing numerous potential applications. Water- and oil-repellent surfaces can be used, for instance, in the automobile, microelectronics, textile and biomedical industries; in the protection and preservation of constructions, buildings and cultural heritage; and in several other applications relevant to self-cleaning, biocide treatments, oil–water separation and anti-corrosion, just to name a few. The papers included in this book present innovative production methods of advanced materials with extreme wetting properties that are designed to serve some of the abovementioned applications. Moreover, the papers explore the scientific principles behind these advanced materials and discuss their applications to different areas of coating technology.
robust superhydrophobic surface --- surface assembly mechanism --- surface disintegration mechanism --- superhydrophobic --- Cu2O --- oil–water separation --- hydrophobic treatments --- oleophobicity --- nano-particles --- stone protection --- anti-graffiti coatings --- chemical cleaning --- acrylic-based paints --- felt-tip markers --- water repellency --- calcium hydroxide --- siloxane --- marble --- cultural heritage --- conservation --- sodium methyl silicone --- earth site --- silt --- the height of capillary rise --- microscopic mechanism analysis --- XRD --- XRF --- SEM --- MIP --- plasma deposition --- organosilicon thin layers --- morphology analysis --- surface molecular structure --- goose down --- wettability --- fungus resistance --- n/a --- oil-water separation
Choose an application
In recent years, the formulation of innovative photocatalysts activated by visible or solar light has been attracting increasing attention because of their notable potential for environmental remediation and use in organic synthesis reactions. Generally, the strategies for the development of visible-light-active photocatalysts are mainly focused on enhancing degradation efficiency (in the case of environmental remediation) or increasing selectivity toward the desired product (in the case of organic synthesis). These goals can be achieved by doping the semiconductor lattice with metal and/or non-metal elements in order to reduce band gap energy, thereby providing the semiconductor with the ability to absorb light at a wavelength higher than the UV range. Other interesting options are the formulation of different types of heterojunctions (to increase visible absorption properties and to reduce the recombination rate of charge carriers) and the development of innovative catalytic materials with semiconducting properties. This reprint is focused on visible-light-active photocatalysts for environmental remediation and organic synthesis, featuring the state of the art as well as advances in this field.
TiO2 --- activated carbon --- nanohybrid --- photodegradation --- azo dyes --- sunlight --- photocatalysis --- visible light --- biomass --- waste --- green chemistry --- nanocatalysis --- nitrobenzene --- Ag/Cu2O --- persulfate --- sulfate radical --- heterostructure --- diamond nanocrystals --- bacterial photoinactivation --- sillenite Bi12NiO19 --- Rietveld method --- optical properties --- BB41 dye --- electrospinning --- carbon composite nanofibers --- water pollution --- Ag3PO4 --- photocatalyst --- C3N4 --- MoS2 --- composite --- photocatalytic oxidation --- Cr(VI) reduction --- n/a --- cobalt --- decolorization --- Remazol Black --- sulfur --- hydrophosphination --- zirconium --- phosphines --- TiO2 thin film --- oxygen and argon gas flow rates --- acetaminophen --- photocatalytic activity --- response surface method --- Box–Behnken design --- Box-Behnken design
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Metal nanoparticles/polymers hybrid materials have significantly contributed to the develop of nanotechnology. Moreover, these hybrid materials can respond to stimuli (e.g., pH, temperature, light, magnetic field) or self-degrade in a controlled manner to release metal nanoparticles or therapeutics encapsulated. Functional and structural hybrid materials provide opportunities for creative fields, remarkable properties, and future advanced applications. This Special Issue focuses on highlighting the progress of new hybrid materials, based on metal nanoparticles and polymers, their design, preparation, functionalization, characterization, and advanced applications.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Mining technology & engineering --- alginate --- non-chloride in situ preparation --- nano-cuprous oxide --- flame-retardant --- mechanism --- nanoparticles --- polyethylene glycol --- Tween 80 --- cytotoxicity --- hemotoxicity --- primary cell culture --- medical applications --- SERS --- PMMA --- AgNPs --- in-situ --- adenosine --- methylene-blue --- smart hybrid materials --- properties of nanoparticles–reinforced polymers --- biotechnology --- cellulose acetate --- porosity --- ionic radius --- water-pressure --- silver nanoparticles --- nanocellulose --- engineered nanomaterials --- water monitoring --- water treatment --- ecosafety --- ecotoxicology --- eco-design --- polymersomes --- vesicles --- drug-delivery --- ultrafast laser --- plasmonic --- nanobubble --- fragmentation --- zero valent copper --- Cu0-containing hybrid anion exchanger --- Cu2O reduction --- ascorbic acid as reducer --- n/a --- properties of nanoparticles-reinforced polymers
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This book is composed of 6 papers. The first paper reports a novel technique for the selective emitter formation by controlling the surface morphology of Si wafers. Selective emitter (SE) technology has attracted renewed attention in the Si solar cell industry to achieve an improved conversion efficiency of passivated-emitter rear-contact (PERC) cells. In the second paper, the temperature dependence of the parameters was compared through the PERC of the industrial-scale solar cells. As a result of their analysis, PERC cells showed different temperature dependence for the fill factor loss as temperatures rose. The third paper reports the effects of carrier selective front contact layer and defect state of hydrogenated amorphous silicon passivation layer/n-type crystalline silicon interface. The results demonstrated the effects of band offset determined by band bending at the interface of the passivation layer and carrier selective front contact layer. In addition, the nc-SiOx: H CSFC layer not only reduces parasitic absorption loss but also has a tunneling effect and field-effect passivation. The fourth paper reports excimer laser annealing of hydrogenated amorphous silicon film for TOPCon solar cell application. This paper analyzes the crystallization of a-Si:H via excimer laser annealing (ELA) and compared this process with conventional thermal annealing. The fifth paper reports the contact mechanism between Ag–Al and Si and the change in contact resistance (Rc) by varying the firing profile. Rc was measured by varying the belt speed and peak temperature of the fast-firing furnace. The sixth paper reports a silicon tandem heterojunction solar cell based on a ZnO/Cu2O subcell and a c-Si bottom subcell using electro-optical numerical modeling. The buffer layer affinity and mobility together with a low conduction band offset for the heterojunction are discussed, as well as spectral properties of the device model.
History of engineering & technology --- fill factor loss analysis --- double-diode model --- PERC --- temperature dependence --- recombination current density --- parasitic resistance --- carrier selective contact --- rear emitter heterojunction --- passivation --- crystallinity --- thermal annealing --- excimer laser annealing --- amorphous hydrogenated silicon film --- metallization --- contact formation --- Ag/Al paste --- p+ emitter --- N-type bifacial solar cells --- silicon tandem heterojunction solar cell --- N-doped Cu2O absorber layer --- Al:ZnO (AZO) --- numerical electro-optical modeling --- scanning electron microscopy (SEM) --- atomic force microscopy (AFM) --- X-ray diffraction (XRD) --- spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) --- Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy --- degradation degree --- failure rate --- selective emitter --- surface morphology --- doping process --- solar cell
Choose an application
In recent years, the formulation of innovative photocatalysts activated by visible or solar light has been attracting increasing attention because of their notable potential for environmental remediation and use in organic synthesis reactions. Generally, the strategies for the development of visible-light-active photocatalysts are mainly focused on enhancing degradation efficiency (in the case of environmental remediation) or increasing selectivity toward the desired product (in the case of organic synthesis). These goals can be achieved by doping the semiconductor lattice with metal and/or non-metal elements in order to reduce band gap energy, thereby providing the semiconductor with the ability to absorb light at a wavelength higher than the UV range. Other interesting options are the formulation of different types of heterojunctions (to increase visible absorption properties and to reduce the recombination rate of charge carriers) and the development of innovative catalytic materials with semiconducting properties. This reprint is focused on visible-light-active photocatalysts for environmental remediation and organic synthesis, featuring the state of the art as well as advances in this field.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Materials science --- TiO2 --- activated carbon --- nanohybrid --- photodegradation --- azo dyes --- sunlight --- photocatalysis --- visible light --- biomass --- waste --- green chemistry --- nanocatalysis --- nitrobenzene --- Ag/Cu2O --- persulfate --- sulfate radical --- heterostructure --- diamond nanocrystals --- bacterial photoinactivation --- sillenite Bi12NiO19 --- Rietveld method --- optical properties --- BB41 dye --- electrospinning --- carbon composite nanofibers --- water pollution --- Ag3PO4 --- photocatalyst --- C3N4 --- MoS2 --- composite --- photocatalytic oxidation --- Cr(VI) reduction --- n/a --- cobalt --- decolorization --- Remazol Black --- sulfur --- hydrophosphination --- zirconium --- phosphines --- TiO2 thin film --- oxygen and argon gas flow rates --- acetaminophen --- photocatalytic activity --- response surface method --- Box–Behnken design --- Box-Behnken design
Choose an application
This book is composed of 6 papers. The first paper reports a novel technique for the selective emitter formation by controlling the surface morphology of Si wafers. Selective emitter (SE) technology has attracted renewed attention in the Si solar cell industry to achieve an improved conversion efficiency of passivated-emitter rear-contact (PERC) cells. In the second paper, the temperature dependence of the parameters was compared through the PERC of the industrial-scale solar cells. As a result of their analysis, PERC cells showed different temperature dependence for the fill factor loss as temperatures rose. The third paper reports the effects of carrier selective front contact layer and defect state of hydrogenated amorphous silicon passivation layer/n-type crystalline silicon interface. The results demonstrated the effects of band offset determined by band bending at the interface of the passivation layer and carrier selective front contact layer. In addition, the nc-SiOx: H CSFC layer not only reduces parasitic absorption loss but also has a tunneling effect and field-effect passivation. The fourth paper reports excimer laser annealing of hydrogenated amorphous silicon film for TOPCon solar cell application. This paper analyzes the crystallization of a-Si:H via excimer laser annealing (ELA) and compared this process with conventional thermal annealing. The fifth paper reports the contact mechanism between Ag–Al and Si and the change in contact resistance (Rc) by varying the firing profile. Rc was measured by varying the belt speed and peak temperature of the fast-firing furnace. The sixth paper reports a silicon tandem heterojunction solar cell based on a ZnO/Cu2O subcell and a c-Si bottom subcell using electro-optical numerical modeling. The buffer layer affinity and mobility together with a low conduction band offset for the heterojunction are discussed, as well as spectral properties of the device model.
fill factor loss analysis --- double-diode model --- PERC --- temperature dependence --- recombination current density --- parasitic resistance --- carrier selective contact --- rear emitter heterojunction --- passivation --- crystallinity --- thermal annealing --- excimer laser annealing --- amorphous hydrogenated silicon film --- metallization --- contact formation --- Ag/Al paste --- p+ emitter --- N-type bifacial solar cells --- silicon tandem heterojunction solar cell --- N-doped Cu2O absorber layer --- Al:ZnO (AZO) --- numerical electro-optical modeling --- scanning electron microscopy (SEM) --- atomic force microscopy (AFM) --- X-ray diffraction (XRD) --- spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) --- Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy --- degradation degree --- failure rate --- selective emitter --- surface morphology --- doping process --- solar cell
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