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The establishment of feudal principalities in the Levant in the wake of the First Crusade (1095-1099) saw the beginning of a centuries-long process of conquest and colonization of lands in the eastern Mediterranean by French-speaking Europeans. This book examines different aspects of the life and literary culture associated with this French-speaking society. It is the first study of the crusades to bring questions of language and culture so intimately into conversation. Taking an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the crusader settlements in the Levant, this book emphasizes hybridity and innovation, the movement of words and people across boundaries, seas and continents, and the negotiation of identity in a world tied partly to Europe but thoroughly embedded in the Mediterranean and Levantine context.

Crusades. --- French --- History. --- Latin Orient --- Middle East --- Crusader States. --- Medieval Mediterranean. --- Medieval Studies. --- Old French. --- Postcolonial Theory.

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Between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries, Rouen was one of the greatest cities in western Europe. The effective capital of the 'Angevin Empire' between 1154 and 1204 and thereafter a leading cityin the realm of the Capetian and Valois kings of France, it experienced substantial growth, the emergence of communal government and the ravages of plague and the Hundred Years' War. This book examines the impact of leprosy upon Rouen during this period, and the key role played by charity in the society and religious culture of the city and its hinterland. Based upon extensive archival research, and focusing in particular on Rouen's leper houses, it offers a new understanding of responses to disease and disability in medieval Europe. It charts how attitudes towards lepers, and perceptions of their disease, changed over time, explores the relationship between leprosy, charity and practices of piety, and considers how leprosy featured in growing concerns about public health. It also sheds important new light on the roles and experiences of women, as both charitable patrons and leprosy sufferers, and on medical practice and practitioners in medieval France. Elma Brenner is Specialist in Medieval and Early Modern Medicine at the Wellcome Library, London.

Leprosy --- Patients. --- Patients --- Social conditions. --- Medeltiden --- Rouen (France) --- France --- Frankrike --- Lepers --- Miquelon and Saint Pierre --- Miquelon and St. Pierre --- St. Pierre and Miquelon --- Corsica --- Saint Pierre and Miquelon --- Medicine, Medieval --- Charities --- History --- Social conditions --- History. --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Poor --- Social service --- Endowments --- Alms and almsgiving --- Benevolent institutions --- Charitable institutions --- Endowed charities --- Institutions, Charitable and philanthropic --- Philanthropy --- Poor relief --- Private nonprofit social work --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Medieval medicine --- Mycobacterial diseases --- Hansen disease --- Hanseniasis --- Hansen's disease --- Services for --- Societies, etc. --- Aegean. --- Crusade. --- Crusader Participants. --- Crusader States. --- Crusading Era. --- Crusading Ideals. --- Historical Analysis. --- Maritime Power. --- Medieval Europe. --- Medieval History. --- Medieval Mediterranean. --- Merchant Crusaders. --- Religious Culture.