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This book, as a collection of 17 research articles, provides a selection of the most recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of environmentally friendly and biodegradable biopolymer composites and nanocomposites. Recently, the demand has been growing for a clean and pollution-free environment and an evident target regarding the minimization of fossil fuel usage. Therefore, much attention has been focused on research to replace petroleum-based commodity plastics by biodegradable materials arising from biological and renewable resources. Biopolymers—polymers produced from natural sources either chemically from a biological material or biosynthesized by living organisms—are suitable alternatives for addressing these issues due to their outstanding properties, including good barrier performance, biodegradation ability, and low weight. However, they generally possess poor mechanical properties, a short fatigue life, low chemical resistance, poor long-term durability, and limited processing capability. In order to overcome these deficiencies, biopolymers can be reinforced with fillers or nanofillers (with at least one of their dimensions in the nanometer range). Bionanocomposites are advantageous for a wide range of applications, such as in medicine, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, food packaging, agriculture, forestry, electronics, transport, construction, and many more.

biodegradable films --- chitosan --- natural rubber --- n/a --- toughening --- elastomer --- deoxycholic acid --- cellulose fibers --- amphiphilic polymer --- cross-link density --- antioxidant activity --- nanocomposites --- silk fibroin --- impact properties --- conductivity --- antimicrobial agents --- Py-GC/MS --- Poly(propylene carbonate) --- biodisintegration --- peptide-cellulose conformation --- nanocomposite --- alginate films --- toughness --- protease sensor --- physical and mechanical properties --- biocomposites --- nanocellulose --- thermal decomposition kinetics --- potato protein --- micelles --- nanofibers --- mechanical properties --- active packaging materials --- cellulose --- structural profile --- glycol chitosan --- glass transition --- essential oils --- compatibility --- plasticized starch --- natural fibers --- biopolyester --- human neutrophil elastase --- biodegradation --- bio-composites --- fiber/matrix adhesion --- ?-tocopherol succinate --- MgO whiskers --- carbon nanotubes --- PLLA --- electrospinning --- chitin nanofibrils --- FTIR --- biopolymers composites --- DMA --- wheat gluten --- water uptake --- folic acid --- polycarbonate --- aerogel --- surfactant --- paclitaxel --- chemical pre-treatment --- biomass --- thermoplastic polyurethane --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-3-hydroxyvalerate) --- stress-strain --- polyfunctional monomers --- bio-based polymers --- tensile properties --- compatibilizer --- TG/FTIR --- PVA --- in vitro degradation --- poly(lactic acid) --- heat deflection temperature

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Solid Biomechanics is the first book to comprehensively review the mechanical design of organisms. With a physical approach and a minimum of mathematics, the textbook introduces readers to the world of structural mechanics and sheds light on the dazzling array of mechanical adaptations that link creatures as dissimilar as bacteria, plants, and animals. Exploring a wide range of subjects in depth, from spider silks and sharkskin to climbing plants and human food processing, this immensely accessible text demonstrates that the bodies of animals and plants are masterpieces of engineering, enabling them to survive in a hostile world. The textbook describes how organisms construct materials from limited components, arrange materials into efficient structures that withstand different types of stresses, and interact mechanically with their environment. Looking at practical and historical aspects of the subject, the book delves into how the mechanics of organisms might be applied to other engineering scenarios and considers the ways structural biomechanics could and should develop in the future if more is to be learned about the form and function of organisms. Solid Biomechanics will be useful to all those interested in how organisms work, from biologists and engineers to physicists and students of biomechanics, bionics, and materials science. The first comprehensive review of the structural mechanics of organisms Introduces the subject using a physical approach involving minimal mathematics Three complementary sections: materials, structures, and mechanical interactions of organisms Links the dazzling array of mechanical adaptations seen in widely differing organisms Practical and historical approach shows how mechanical adaptations have been discovered and how readers can perform their own investigations

Biomechanics. --- Adhesion. --- Alastair Fitter. --- Amino acid. --- Arthropod. --- Bacteria. --- Bending. --- Biomimetics. --- Buckling. --- Buoyancy. --- Buttress. --- Calculation. --- Cantilever. --- Cartilage. --- Cell wall. --- Chitin. --- Collagen. --- Composite material. --- Compressive strength. --- Cross-link. --- Cuticle. --- Cylinder stress. --- Deformation (engineering). --- Deformation (mechanics). --- Elastic energy. --- Elastin. --- Energy storage. --- Engineering. --- Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. --- Exoskeleton. --- Factor of safety. --- Fibril. --- Flexural rigidity. --- Fracture mechanics. --- Fracture. --- Fungus. --- Gas vesicle. --- Glycine. --- Herbivore. --- Hinge. --- Hooke's law. --- Hydrogen bond. --- Hydrostatic skeleton. --- Hypha. --- Hysteresis. --- Insect wing. --- Insect. --- Keratin. --- Ligament. --- Long bone. --- Mammal. --- Material properties (thermodynamics). --- Materials science. --- Microfibril. --- Molecule. --- Nacre. --- Natural rubber. --- Nematode. --- Neutral axis. --- Notochord. --- Nylon. --- Organism. --- Physicist. --- Plant cell. --- Plant stem. --- Poisson's ratio. --- Polymer. --- Polysaccharide. --- Pressure vessel. --- Protein. --- Reinforcement. --- Resilin. --- Second moment of area. --- Shear force. --- Shear modulus. --- Shear stress. --- Shock absorber. --- Soil. --- Stiffness. --- Stoma. --- Strain gauge. --- Stress concentration. --- Stress relaxation. --- Stress–strain curve. --- Structural integrity and failure. --- Surface area. --- Surface tension. --- Technology. --- Tendril. --- Tensile testing. --- Tire. --- Toughness. --- Truss. --- Ultimate tensile strength. --- Universal testing machine. --- Vertebrate. --- Volume fraction. --- X-ray. --- Yield (engineering). --- Young's modulus.