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Depuis plusieurs décennies, le juge d'instruction est sur la sellette. Pourtant, sa suppression, souvent annoncée, se heurte à une forte résistance de l'institution judiciaire et de l'opinion. Cet ouvrage propose une série d'éclairages historiques sur les deux siècles d'existence de ce magistrat, de ses origines aux réformes des dernières décennies. Héritier du lieutenant criminel de l'Ancien régime, né en 1801 et officialisé par le Code d'instruction criminelle, le juge d'instruction a été longtemps considéré, en raison de ses pouvoirs en matière d'arrestation et de détention provisoire, comme "l'homme le plus puissant de France", selon la formule de Balzac. Symbole d'une justice pénale inquisitoriale, il a également très tôt focalisé les critiques sur le cumul des fonctions d'enquêteur et de juge comme sur la difficulté d'instruire à charge et à décharge. En replaçant le juge d'instruction au sein de l'ensemble de la justice pénale, en analysant l'amenuisement progressif de ses pouvoirs au bénéfice du parquet, en rappelant le contrôle de la Chambre des mises en accusation, ce retour vers le passé interroge sur les avancées du principe du contradictoire et ses limites comme sur l'indépendance du pouvoir judiciaire, et au-delà, sur un modèle de justice apte à concilier défense de l'intérêt de la société et préservation des libertés individuelles.
Judges --- Preliminary examinations (Criminal procedure) --- Juges --- Instruction préparatoire --- History --- Histoire --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Instruction préparatoire --- Judges - France - History - 19th century --- Judges - France - History - 20th century --- Preliminary examinations (Criminal procedure) - France - History - 19th century --- Preliminary examinations (Criminal procedure) - France - History - 20th century --- Criminal justice, Administration of - France - History - 19th century --- Criminal justice, Administration of - France - History - 20th century
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Church and state -- France -- History -- Sources --- Criminal procedure -- France -- History -- Sources --- Registers of births, etc -- France -- History -- Sources --- Church records and registers -- Law and legislation -- France --- Ecclesiastical courts -- France -- History -- Sources --- Language policy -- France -- History -- Sources
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Criminal justice, Administration of --- Criminal procedure --- Accusé --- --Histoire du droit --- --Procès criminel --- --XVIe-XVIIe s., --- History --- History. --- Criminal law --- Pleading and practice --- Law and legislation --- Courts --- Procedure (Law) --- Public law --- Appellate procedure --- Criminal courts --- Trial practice --- Criminal justice, Administration of - France - History --- Criminal procedure - France - History --- Histoire du droit --- Procès criminel --- XVIe-XVIIe s., 1501-1700
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Criminal procedure --- Renaissance --- History --- -Criminal procedure --- -Renaissance --- -34 <09> --- Revival of letters --- Civilization --- History, Modern --- Civilization, Medieval --- Civilization, Modern --- Humanism --- Middle Ages --- Criminal law --- Courts --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Procedure (Law) --- Public law --- Appellate procedure --- Criminal courts --- Trial practice --- Rechtsgeschiedenis --(algemeen) --- Pleading and practice --- Law and legislation --- History. --- 34 <09> Rechtsgeschiedenis --(algemeen) --- 34 <09> --- Criminal procedure - Great Britain - History --- Criminal procedure - Germany - History --- Criminal procedure - France - History --- Renaissance - England --- Renaissance - Germany --- Renaissance - France
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History of the law --- Criminal law. Criminal procedure --- France --- Droit pénal --- --Histoire --- --Criminal law --- Criminal procedure --- History --- 343 <09> <44> --- Criminal law --- -Criminal procedure --- -Criminal law --- Courts --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Procedure (Law) --- Public law --- Appellate procedure --- Criminal courts --- Trial practice --- Crime --- Crimes and misdemeanors --- Criminals --- Law, Criminal --- Penal codes --- Penal law --- Pleas of the crown --- Strafwetenschappen--(geschiedenis van)--Frankrijk --- Pleading and practice --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- History. --- -Strafwetenschappen--(geschiedenis van)--Frankrijk --- 343 <09> <44> Strafwetenschappen--(geschiedenis van)--Frankrijk --- Histoire --- Criminal law - France - History --- Criminal procedure - France - History --- DROIT PENAL --- HISTOIRE
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Criminal law --- Criminal procedure --- Droit pénal --- Procédure pénale --- History --- Histoire --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- History. --- -Criminal law --- -Criminal procedure --- -343 <44> --- Courts --- Procedure (Law) --- Public law --- Appellate procedure --- Criminal courts --- Trial practice --- Crime --- Crimes and misdemeanors --- Criminals --- Law, Criminal --- Penal codes --- Penal law --- Pleas of the crown --- Administration of criminal justice --- Justice, Administration of --- Pleading and practice --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Droit pénal --- Procédure pénale --- Law --- 343 <44> --- Criminal law - France - History. --- Criminal procedure - France - History. --- Criminal justice, Administration of - France - History. --- DROIT PENAL --- JUSTICE CRIMINELLE --- JUSTICE --- HISTOIRE
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Insanity (Law) --- Mentally ill offenders --- Forensic psychiatry --- Criminal procedure --- Justice, Administration of --- Aliénation mentale --- Criminels malades mentaux --- Psychiatrie médico-légale --- Procédure pénale --- Justice --- History --- Histoire --- Administration --- Cour d'assises --- --Folie --- --XIXe s., --- --Insanity (Law) --- Maladies mentales --- Malades mentaux --- Expertises --- Scènes de crime --- Processus judiciaire --- Droit --- Responsabilité pénale --- Aliénation mentale --- Psychiatrie médico-légale --- Procédure pénale --- Insane, Criminal and dangerous --- Mentally ill criminals --- Offenders, Mentally ill --- Criminals --- Administration of justice --- Law --- Courts --- Criminal insanity --- Insanity --- Insanity (Jurisprudence) --- Lunacy (Law) --- Mental illness --- Mentally ill --- Capacity and disability --- Insanity defense --- Medical jurisprudence --- Psychiatry --- Criminal law --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Procedure (Law) --- Public law --- Appellate procedure --- Criminal courts --- Trial practice --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Pleading and practice --- Folie --- XIXe s., 1801-1900 --- Insanity (Law) - France - History - 19th century --- Mentally ill offenders - France - History - 19th century --- Forensic psychiatry - France - History - 19th century --- Criminal procedure - France - History - 19th century --- Justice, Administration of - France - History - 19th century
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Jury, --- France --- --Cour d'assises --- --XIXe-XXe s., --- Peine --- --Politique criminelle --- --Jury --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Sentences (Criminal procedure) --- History --- 343.161 --- -Jury --- -Sentences (Criminal procedure) --- -343.1 <09> <44> --- Sentencing --- Correctional law --- Criminal procedure --- Judgments, Criminal --- Punishment --- Judgments by peers --- Juries --- Jury --- Trial by jury --- Trial by peers --- Trials --- Law and fact --- Lay judges --- Administration of criminal justice --- Justice, Administration of --- Crime --- Criminal law --- Criminals --- Jury--(rechtsvordering) --- Strafvordering--(geschiedenis van)--Frankrijk --- Law and legislation --- 343.1 <09> <44> Strafvordering--(geschiedenis van)--Frankrijk --- 343.161 Jury--(rechtsvordering) --- 343.1 <09> <44> --- Cour d'assises --- XIXe-XXe s., 1801-2000 --- Politique criminelle --- Jury - France - History --- Criminal justice, Administration of - France - History --- Sentences (Criminal procedure) - France - History
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