Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Many countries in the MENA region have established partial credit guarantee schemes to facilitate SME access to finance. These schemes can play an important role, especially in a period where MENA governments are making efforts to improve the effectiveness of credit registries and bureaus and strengthen creditor rights. This paper reviews the design of partial credit guarantee schemes in MENA, and assesses their preliminary outcomes. The paper is based on a survey conducted in 10 MENA countries in early 2010. The authors find that the average size of guarantee schemes in MENA (measured by the total value of outstanding guarantees) is in line with the international average, although there are wide differences across countries, and some schemes seem too small to make any significant impact. Most importantly, the number of guarantees looks generally small while their average value looks large. This suggests that guarantee schemes are not yet reaching the smaller firms. Guarantee schemes in MENA look financially sound and most schemes have room to grow. However, this growth should be accompanied by an improvement of some key design and management features, as well as the introduction of systematic impact evaluation reviews.

Access to Finance --- Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress --- Banks & Banking Reform --- Capacity Building --- Coverage Ratios --- Credit Guarantee Scheme --- Debt Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Microfinance --- Private Sector Development --- Risk Management --- Mena Region

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This collected volume consists of high-quality research covering a wide range of topics related to energy economics and politics in developed countries. The papers are informative on how to encourage sustainable development and facilitate financing technology development, transfer, and applications to mitigate climate change. Air pollution, environmental regulations, green energy, energy certificates, transmission rights, and power generation are among the energy-related topic analyzed by the contributions included in this Special Issue.

Research & information: general --- environmental regulations --- employment --- manufacturing --- act on low-carbon green growth --- labor productivity --- Korea --- Dutch disease --- natural gas --- event study --- real exchange rate --- announcements --- currency appreciation --- export --- expectations --- carbon emission efficiency --- regional differences --- influencing factors --- the Modified undesirable EBM DEA model --- Tobit model --- energy performance certificates --- PV energy cost --- PV energy savings --- house prices --- environmental regulation --- oil prices --- stock prices --- panel data analysis --- ARDL --- financial sector --- water-energy-land nexus --- environmental policy integration --- policy analysis --- European Union --- green finance --- green investment --- green credit guarantee scheme --- community-based trust funds --- renewable energy --- Export-led growth --- economic growth --- Angola --- energy efficiency --- time-variant efficiency --- true fixed-effects model --- four components stochastic frontier model --- determinants of inefficiency --- Chinese provinces --- utilization efficiency --- data envelopment analysis --- undesirable output model --- bad output --- grey prediction model --- energy economics --- financial transmission rights (FTR) --- FTR auction --- FTR path evaluation --- electric market --- item response theory (IRT) --- psychometrics --- power generation --- electrical subsystems --- time series --- environmental degradation goal --- economic growth goal --- mean group analysis --- weighted scoring method --- electric buses --- zero-emission buses (ZEB) --- clean buses --- EU policy --- zero emission policy --- green energy --- city management --- simulation model --- strategy --- sustainable development