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This volume focuses on adult craniopharyngiomas, offering various perspectives. The first part of the book provides an up-to-date overview of the pathogenesis and management of adult craniopharyngiomas, helping readers understand the pathogenesis and molecular pathways. It highlights the importance of animal models for addressing molecular keys and for developing targeted therapies. The second part deals with clinical management, detailing the latest results in the era of endoscopic surgery, including the major contribution of the extended nasal endoscopic approaches for suprasellar and retrochiasmatic tumors. The book also discusses the key aspects of these tumors and how to manage them. The last part of the book addresses the future therapies and recurrences after surgery and radiotherapy. This volume is of interest to neurosurgeons, endocrinologists, paediatricians, radiologists and oncologists.

Brain --- Cerebrum --- Mind --- Central nervous system --- Head --- Tumors --- Treatment. --- Craniopharyngioma. --- Craniopharyngioma, Adult --- Craniopharyngioma, Child --- Neoplasm, Rathke Cleft --- Neoplasm, Rathke's Cleft --- Rathke Cleft Neoplasm --- Rathke's Cleft Neoplasm --- Rathke's Pouch Tumor --- Craniopharyngioma, Adamantinous --- Craniopharyngioma, Papillary --- Rathke Pouch Tumor --- Adamantinous Craniopharyngioma --- Adamantinous Craniopharyngiomas --- Adult Craniopharyngioma --- Adult Craniopharyngiomas --- Child Craniopharyngioma --- Child Craniopharyngiomas --- Craniopharyngiomas --- Craniopharyngiomas, Adamantinous --- Craniopharyngiomas, Adult --- Craniopharyngiomas, Child --- Craniopharyngiomas, Papillary --- Neoplasm, Rathkes Cleft --- Papillary Craniopharyngioma --- Papillary Craniopharyngiomas --- Rathkes Cleft Neoplasm --- Rathkes Pouch Tumor --- Tumor, Rathke Pouch --- Tumor, Rathke's Pouch --- Neurosurgery. --- Endocrinology . --- Pediatrics. --- Radiology. --- Oncology  . --- Endocrinology. --- Imaging / Radiology. --- Oncology. --- Radiological physics --- Physics --- Radiation --- Paediatrics --- Pediatric medicine --- Medicine --- Children --- Internal medicine --- Hormones --- Nerves --- Neurosurgery --- Diseases --- Health and hygiene --- Surgery --- Tumors cerebrals --- Cirurgia endoscòpica --- Malalties dels infants --- Adults --- Pediatria --- Endocrinologia --- Oncologia --- Medicina --- Oncologia geriàtrica --- Oncologia pediàtrica --- Oncologia veterinària --- Càncer --- Infermeria oncològica --- Medicina interna --- Endocrinologia molecular --- Endocrinologia veterinària --- Ginecologia endocrina --- Glàndules endocrines --- Neuroendocrinologia --- Rejoveniment --- Organoteràpia --- Cirurgia infantil --- Dietoteràpia per a infants --- Ginecologia pediàtrica --- Hematologia pediàtrica --- Hepatologia pediàtrica --- Infants malalts --- Infermeria pediàtrica --- Neonatologia --- Odontologia infantil --- Otorrinolaringologia pediàtrica --- Pediatria veterinària --- Perinatologia --- Pneumologia pediàtrica --- Puericultura --- Radiologia pediàtrica --- Urologia pediàtrica --- Farmacologia pediàtrica --- Edat adulta --- Creixement --- Edat (Psicologia) --- Grups d'edat --- Maduresa (Psicologia) --- Persones de mitjana edat --- Malalties infantils --- Malalties de la infància --- Toxicologia pediàtrica --- Malalties de l'aparell respiratori en els infants --- Malalties infeccioses en els infants --- Urgències en pediatria --- Febre en els infants --- Cirurgia mínimament invasiva --- Endocirurgia --- Endoscòpia operativa --- Endoscòpia quirúrgica --- Endoscòpia terapèutica --- MIS (Cirurgia invasiva mínima) --- Operacions endoscòpiques --- Cirurgia operatòria --- Endoscòpia --- Microcirurgia --- Cirurgia laparoscòpica --- Càpsula endoscòpica --- Malalties cerebrals --- Meningioma --- Nervous system --- Surgery.

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Immunotherapy has become a viable treatment modality for a variety of cancers (and referred to as Science Magazine’s “Breakthrough of the Year” in 2013, as well as ASCO’s “Advance of the Year” in both 2016 and 2017). This Special Issue is focused on the relevance of immunobiology in brain tumors, touching on elements of immune suppression, immune stimulation, and the immune microenvironment, with culminations in translational immunotherapy.

Medicine --- vaccine therapy --- oncoantigen --- tumor associate antigen --- tumor angiogenesis --- high-grade glioma --- pituitary neuroendocrine tumors --- VEGF --- Treg --- TAM --- PD-1 --- PD-L1 --- tumor microenvironment (TME) --- glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) --- GBM-associated macrophages (GAMs) --- exosomes --- oncomiR-21 --- STAT3 inhibitor --- glioma --- diffusion tensor imaging --- generalized q-ball imaging --- treatment-related effects --- multiple resections --- adrenal insufficiency --- Addison’s disease --- bevacizumab --- cerebral radiation necrosis --- craniopharyngioma --- inflammation --- checkpoint inhibitors --- Interleukin-6

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MEDICAL --- Neurology --- Hypothalamic Neoplasms --- Outcome Assessment (Health Care) --- Pituitary Diseases --- Endocrine Gland Neoplasms --- Neuroectodermal Tumors --- Prognosis --- Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue --- Supratentorial Neoplasms --- Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) --- Endocrine System Diseases --- Neoplasms by Site --- Hypothalamic Diseases --- Diagnosis --- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal --- Diseases --- Quality of Health Care --- Neoplasms by Histologic Type --- Brain Neoplasms --- Brain Diseases --- Neoplasms --- Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Central Nervous System Diseases --- Central Nervous System Neoplasms --- Health Services Administration --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Nervous System Diseases --- Nervous System Neoplasms --- Health Care --- Pituitary Neoplasms --- Treatment Outcome --- Craniopharyngioma --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Oncology --- Brain --- Tumors.

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This reprint includes 15 articles in the field of non-communicable Diseases, big data, and artificial intelligence, overviewing the most recent advances in the field of AI and their application potential in 3P medicine.

artificial intelligence --- computer-aided diagnosis --- facial phenotypes --- machine learning --- complexity theory --- dementia --- cognitive dysfunction --- neuropsychological tests --- mental status and dementia tests --- spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) --- 90-day function outcome --- mortality --- osteoarthritis --- venous thrombosis --- VTE risk prediction --- machine learning algorithm --- population-based cohort study --- pituitary adenoma --- craniopharyngioma --- optic chiasm --- multicenter --- treatment outcome --- liver neoplasms --- deep learning --- diabetic complication --- gene-gene interaction --- AGER --- IL6R --- multiple sclerosis --- DNA methylation --- entropy --- atherosclerosis --- plaque characterization --- physical activity --- osteoporosis --- osteoporotic fracture --- vertebral fracture --- hip fracture --- distal radius fracture --- small for gestational age --- exposure to radiation --- prediction --- coronary plaque --- major adverse cardiovascular events --- coronary artery disease --- coronary computed tomographic angiography --- acute pancreatitis --- predictor --- interventions --- type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) --- prediction model --- Chinese elderly --- prediabetes --- incident diabetes --- predictive models

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Designing immunotherapeutics, drugs, and anti-inflammatory reagents has been at the forefront of autoimmune research, in particular multiple sclerosis, for over 20 years. Delivery methods that are used to modulate effective and long-lasting immune responses have been the major focus. This Special Issue focused on delivery methods to be used for vaccines, immunotherapeutic approaches, drug design, and anti-inflammatories and their outcomes in preclinical studies and clinical trials.

multiple sclerosis --- inflammation --- oxidative --- biomarker --- sample size --- autoimmune encephalitis --- plasma exchange --- autoimmunity --- immunotherapeutics --- clinical outcomes --- major depression --- bupropion --- S-adenosylmethionine --- vitamin D3 --- yoga --- craniopharyngioma --- fractionated stereotactic radiation treatments --- sphenoid sinusitis --- cranial nerve-VI palsy --- autoimmune diseases --- immune thrombocytopenic purpura --- alemtuzumab --- antibodies against GluR3 peptide --- cognitive impairment --- diagnosis --- neuropsychological assessment --- short intracortical inhibition --- intracortical facilitation --- fampridine --- walking disability --- TSPAN32 --- tetraspanins --- cellular immunity --- memory T cells --- tDCS --- neuroimaging --- positron emission tomography --- cerebral blood flow --- probiotics --- Streptococcus thermophilus --- ST285 --- MBP83–99 peptide --- mannan --- immune modulation --- agonist peptide --- gut microbiome --- gut–brain axis --- metagenomics --- disease-modifying treatments --- MS --- vaccine --- immunomodulation --- carriers --- B cell receptor --- delivery methods --- immunotherapy --- monoclonal antibodies --- T cell receptor --- tolerance --- diagnostic markers --- immunoglobulins --- kappa --- free light chains --- antigen-specific immunotherapies --- tolerogenic vaccines --- tolerance induction --- central nervous system --- myelin peptides --- myelin basic protei --- proteolipid protein --- myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein --- nanotechnology --- drug delivery nanosystems --- lipids --- polymers --- vaccines --- nanoparticles --- antigen-specific immunotherapy --- experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis --- neurodegeneration --- chloroquine --- EAE --- dendritic cells --- microglia --- astrocytes --- oligodendrocytes --- conformational analysis --- peptides --- altered peptide ligands --- NMR spectroscopy --- NOE-constraints --- molecular dynamic --- trimolecular complex --- Multiple Sclerosis --- early-onset --- adult-onset --- Human Leucocyte Antigens --- immunogenetics --- clinical phenotype --- clinical outcome --- therapeutics --- antibody detection --- ELISA --- multivalency --- N-glucosylated peptide epitopes --- peptide --- conjugation --- MOG35-55 --- Graphite/SiO2 electrode --- voltammetry --- HPLC --- MS drugs