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Organic chemistry --- General biochemistry --- Cr (chroom) --- organische chemie --- biochemie

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In 2002, the Swedish Metal Information Task Force (MITF) engaged the Environmental Research Group (MFG) to update previous monographs on copper, zinc and major alloying metals (such as chromium, nickel and molybdenum) in society and in the environment. This book presents new results on metal fluxes from society to the environment, on metal speciation in water, soil and sediment, and its interpretation in terms of mobility, biological uptake and toxicity. The scientific fundamentals of new approaches, like the Acid Volatile Sulphide (AVS) concept to predict metal bioavailability in sediments, and the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) to calculate the toxicity of metals to aquatic organisms, are critically evaluated, with a focus on copper, nickel, zinc, and, in part, chromium. Recent scientific advances now offer an improved understanding of the mechanisms and factors controlling the intricate behaviour of trace metals, their interactions, uptake and effect in natural systems. Traditional risk assessment methods usually built on quite crude toxicity tests done in unrealistic "laboratory waters", and did not consider natural conditions. In contrast, modern approaches now increasingly involve the full utilisation of site-specific factors, which are decisive for the formation of bioavailable and toxic metal forms. Audience This book provides excellent guidance to both scientists focusing on the assessment of the ecological risk of metals, and to authorities, decision makers in industry, educational staff and the interested public concerned with the occurrence and fate of trace metals.

Physicochemistry --- Geochemistry --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Pedology --- geochemie --- Cr (chroom) --- bodemkunde --- bodembescherming --- milieuzorg --- milieubeheer --- fysicochemie --- milieuanalyse --- Ni (nikkel)

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anorganische chemie --- chromium --- hard water --- manganese --- uranium --- Industrial chemistry --- Non-metals and their compounds --- Mn (mangaan) --- silicone --- siliconen --- inorganic chemistry --- Metals and their compounds --- Cr (chroom) --- Inorganic chemistry --- U (uranium)

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Twenty inorganic elements, mostly metal ions, are consistently found in living systems and are essential for living systems to function correctly. This text discusses, describes and explains the functional relevance of those elements: the reasons for their selection; the processes of their uptake; transport and final localization in cells; the regulation of these processes; and the interactive network of their reactions that connects the in vivo inorganic elements to the environment and to the genome. The volume has been thoroughly revised for this second edition and includes a discussion of the link to the genome of the uptake and transfer of inorganic elements and the regulation of homeostasis, the functional co-operative activities of the elements, the interaction with the environment, and the evolution of usage. Recent structural and mechanistic knowledge of many biomolecules and organelles is also included.

chromium --- Mn (mangaan) --- magnesium --- biochemie --- calcium --- W (wolfraam) --- anorganische chemie --- manganese --- Co (kobalt) --- Mg (magnesium) --- cobalt [mineral] --- Ni (nikkel) --- General biochemistry --- V (vanadium) --- polymers --- Ca (calcium) --- tungsten --- vanadium --- Cr (chroom) --- polymeren --- Inorganic chemistry --- Macromolecules --- Bioinorganic chemistry. --- Chimie bio-inorganique --- Bioinorganic chemistry --- 546 --- bio-elementen --- biologie --- celfysiologie --- chemische elementen --- eiwitstructuur --- energie --- enzymen --- ionen --- moleculaire biologie --- proteïnen --- redoxreacties --- suikers --- H (waterstof) --- Bio-inorganic chemistry --- Biological inorganic chemistry --- Inorganic biochemistry --- Biochemistry --- Chemistry, Inorganic --- Acqui 2006