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"Dans ce recueil, entre journal de bord et littérature, Jacinthe Mazzocchetti fait chronique des bouleversements vécus durant les temps suspendus de pandémie. Empêcher l'oubli des premières émotions, des premières sensations, des premiers cris. Garder trace de ce que nous avons traversé pour que demain ne soit pas la réplique mortifère de ce monde à la dérive que nous ne parvenons plus à écouter, à ressentir, à respecter."--Page 4 of cover
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The worldwide imposed lockdowns forced schools and universities to digitise conventional teaching in a very short time and to convert teaching and learning formats partially or completely to Distance Learning. The changes in everyday teaching brought by Distance Learning were felt worldwide. With 22 double blind peerreviewed articles of researchers reporting on 17 different countries, the editors of this book want to shed light on the effects of Distance Learning in different regions of the world. This will allow for a value-free comparison of how the COVID-19 pandemic has been addressed in education in different parts of the world and what impacts it has had, is having or may have in the future.
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The COVID-19 pandemic and the August 2020 coup d'etat have disrupted more than half a decade of strong economic performance, during which growth averaged 5 percent.1 Growth is projected to decline from 5 percent to -2 percent in 2020 both on account of the pandemic (reflecting a slowdown in external demand, travel, and FDI, as well as the impact of uncertainty and reduced mobility on domestic demand) and of post-coup disruptions in trade, transport, economic and financial flows following the sanctions imposed by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Inflation accelerated slightly in recent months but is expected to remain below 2 percent, while the current account deficit is projected to narrow due to higher gold prices (main export) and lower oil prices (main import). Risks around the outlook are exceptionally high in light of the uncertainty surrounding the political transition, the impact of the sanctions on trade and overall activity, and continued deterioration in the security situation. Weak social safety nets amid high informality, food insecurity and a fragile healthcare system exacerbate challenges.
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About the publication COVID-19 has become one of the most severe issues dominating discussions on the agendas of states globally, and across the African continent, since its emergence in 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic has regrettably brought into sharp focus the continued multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination faced by women and girls in Africa because of their intersecting identities. Yet, paradoxically, although African women are disproportionately affected by the crisis, they are largely invisible in the responses. Several African states and governments have taken different policy measures in response to the pandemic. These responses have taken different dimensions, including shutting down economies, imposition of lockdowns, coercive quarantine measures with police enforcement and criminal consequences for offenders violating these rules. Unfortunately, these responses have reinforced and amplified women's disproportionate disadvantage and gender inequalities in Africa. Against this backdrop, this book asks the intersectional question about women's experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa. Applying an intersectional human rights lens involves questioning how the intersecting identities that African women embody affect their experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Un récent rapport sur les inégalités au Burkina Faso révèle que des progrès ont été faits au cours des deux dernières décennies, en matière de réduction des inégalités sociales et économiques. Bien que l'accès aux services sociaux ait connu une amélioration, les inégalités de genre, selon le statut économique et régional demeurent encore importantes. L'incidence de la pauvreté a également diminué, mais le niveau des inégalités économiques demeure encore élevé. Avec la pandémie de la Covid-19 que connaît le pays depuis mars 2020, on peut se demander si les inégalités sociales et économiques au Burkina Faso ne connaîtront pas une certaine exacerbation. Cette analyse des inégalités à l'aune de la pandémie est abordée à travers trois secteurs : la santé, l'éducation et l'économie. Dans le secteur de la santé, la pandémie a révélé, une fois encore, les limites du système de santé burkinabè, que ce soit en termes d'infrastructures, d'équipements que de ressources humaines. La psychose autour de la maladie, tant du côté du personnel de santé que de la population, a entraîné une réticence à recourir aux structures modernes de santé. Dans le secteur de l'éducation, la fermeture des écoles et universités pose le problème des acquis au cours de cette année scolaire 2019-2020. A moyen et long terme, c'est tout le défi de la qualité des apprentissages, malgré les solutions de remédiation proposées. Dans un contexte où l'accès à la télévision, à la radio et à l'internet demeure très limité, il est à craindre que les solutions d'offre de contenus pédagogiques dans les médias et en ligne, ne contribuent à exacerber les inégalités entre catégories sociales. Dans le secteur de l'économie, les mesures prises ont non seulement impacté négativement les échanges avec l'extérieur, mais aussi la production et la demande domestiques, particulièrement dans un contexte urbain où une large majorité des emplois sont dans le secteur informel et où plusieurs actifs gagnent leur revenu quasiment au jour le jour. La crise sanitaire a aussi montré le caractère extraverti de l'économie, et des initiatives locales ont dû être prises pour la production d'un certain nombre d'équipements et de biens. En cela, la pandémie pourrait être une opportunité de transformation fondamentale de la structure de l'économie nationale, ce qui pourrait à terme, contribuer à réduire les inégalités.
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This reprint comprises 17 papers published in the Special Issue entitled "The Impact of COVID-19 on Financial Markets and the Real Economy", centered on socioeconomic models affected by the pandemic (Vasin, 2022); the COVID-19 impact on various sectors or the economy as a whole, for instance in Canada (Singh et al., 2022), China (Habibi et al., 2022), Slovakia (Svabova et al., 2022), the United States (Rodousakis & Soklis, 2022) or Vietnam (Huynh et al., 2021; Nguyen et al., 2022); the benefits of teleworking on the continuity of operations across various sectors (Santos et al., 2022); research of the tourism and recreational possibilities of Russia and Kazakhstan's cross-border regions and the threats these areas faced during the pandemic (Tanina et al., 2022), the impact of the new coronavirus infection on the Russian labor market (Rodionov et al., 2022); the factors driving young Vietnamese people's intention to use financial technology in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak (Khuong et al., 2022) or those influencing access to credit for informal labor sector (Vu and Ho, 2022); predicting and analyzing Jordanian insurance firms' performance (Altarawneh et al., 2022) or developing an early warning system for solvency risk in the banking industry (Hidayat et al., 2022) during the COVID-19 pandemic; the impact of the pandemic on European stock markets (Keliuotyte-Staniuleniene and Kviklis, 2022); the drivers of cross-border mergers and acquisitions during the pandemic (Lee et al., 2021); examining the financial and fiscal variables of Ecuadorian economic groups (Tulcanaza-Prieto and Morocho-Cayamcela, 2021).
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Much of the work of the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) was conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the missions ending on February 13, 2020. Given the FSAP's focus on medium-term challenges and vulnerabilities, however, its findings and recommendations for strengthening policy and institutional frameworks remain pertinent. The report was updated to reflect key developments and policy changes since the mission work was completed. It also includes a risk analysis that quantifies the possible impact of the COVID-19 crisis on bank solvency. Since the previous FSAP in 2015, the Norwegian authorities have taken welcome steps to strengthen the financial system. Regulatory capital requirements for banks were raised and actions were taken to bolster the weak capital position of insurers. Alongside other macroprudential measures, temporary borrower-based measures for residential mortgages were introduced, which seem to have had some moderating impact on segments of the housing market. The resolution framework was also strengthened, with the implementation of the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) and the designation of Finanstilsynet (FSA) as the resolution authority.
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Los RETOS COVID-19 surgieron a principios de la pandemia para ofrecer una información veraz y científica de lo que estaba sucediendo a nivel mundial en relación a la infección por el SARS-CoV 2 y sus consecuencias. Cuál podía ser su origen o su capacidad de contagio; qué clínica se asociaba a la enfermedad; su duración, sus consecuencias, la población diana; qué tratamientos había o se iban desarrollando; cuántos contagios y fallecimientos se producían a nivel mundial y, por supuesto en España, qué esperábamos de las vacunas y para cuándo las íbamos a poder utilizar, y así un largo número de cuestiones que, semanalmente el comité científico de la Fundación las publicaba en forma de artículos de opinión, noticia de ámbito general y de artículo científico para los más exigentes. La aventura duró hasta julio del 2021, cuando ya parecía que se iba a superar la pandemia y se estaba produciendo una cierta vuelta a la normalidad. Pensamos que era la hora de hacer una parada y recopilar gran parte de esa información (los artículos de opinión), en un libro, RETOS-COVID I9-I que sirviera de recordatorio del largo año pasado en un feroz confinamiento los primeros meses, para evolucionar a un estado de severas restricciones. Pero el verano nos volvió a traer una nueva onda de contagios con una nueva cepa, y decidimos reanudar la actividad en lo que ahora se plasma como RETOS COVID-19 II. Esta segunda etapa es diferente, ya que, a lo escrito los meses previos, se añaden los nuevos interrogantes y conceptos surgidos en los siguientes meses.
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As in many other countries in the world, the pandemic has exerted a heavy toll on Morocco's population. Its economy has also been hit by a severe drought that affected agriculture output. The authorities' prompt response has helped contain the social and economic damage from the shocks but could not avoid a severe contraction of GDP. The loss of tax revenues deteriorated the fiscal position, while the fall in tourism receipts widened the current account deficit. However, greater access to external borrowing, including the full drawing of the IMF Precautionary and Liquidity Line (PLL) arrangement, has helped maintain international reserves at adequate levels so far in 2020. A gradual economic recovery is expected to begin in 2021, assuming the impact of the drought and the health crisis wane next year. The recent rise in COVID-19 cases, both in Morocco and its main trading partners, suggests that this outlook remains subject to significant downside risks.
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