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Corticotropin releasing hormone --- Congresses --- Corticotropin releasing hormone - Congresses. --- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone --- ACTH-Releasing Factor --- CRF (ACTH) --- Corticoliberin --- Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-41 --- ACTH-Releasing Hormone --- CRF-41 --- Corticotropin-Releasing Factor --- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-41 --- ACTH Releasing Factor --- ACTH Releasing Hormone --- Corticotropin Releasing Factor --- Corticotropin Releasing Factor 41 --- Corticotropin Releasing Hormone --- Corticotropin Releasing Hormone 41 --- Humans --- Brain --- Physiology --- Conferences - Meetings --- CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE --- STRESS --- CYTOKINES --- PHYSIOPATHOLOGY

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Abstract In the present work we have characterized the long-term influence of a single exposure to the stress of immobilization (IMO) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis of adult rats. Rats without prior stress (control) and rats exposed to IMO for 2 h on day 1 (IMO+4wk) or on day 21 (IMO+1wk) were killed on day 28, either without stress (basal), immediately after IMO for 1 h (IMO), or 1 h after termination of IMO (post-IMO). IMO caused a strong activation of c-fos mRNA and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and vasopressin (AVP) heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in control rats; this activation was essentially maintained in the post-IMO period. The overall AVP hnRNA response to day 28 stress was not affected by prior stress. Post-IMO c-fos mRNA and CRF hnRNA levels were lower in previously stressed rats, as compared with controls. Whereas the effect of prior IMO on both peripheral HPA hormones and c-fos mRNA was maximal in IMO+1wk rats, the effect of prior stress on CRF hnRNA was only observed in IMO+4wk rats. The present data indicate that prior single IMO triggers a process of desensitization of the HPA responsiveness to IMO over the course of the following weeks. Although the various components of the HPA axis were modified in the same direction, a clear temporal dissociation was found among them, revealing the fine tuning of stress-induced activation of the HPA axis

Activation. --- Adult rats. --- Adult-rat. --- Adult-rats. --- Adult. --- C-fos. --- Control. --- Corticotropin-releasing factor. --- Corticotropin-releasing-factor. --- Crf. --- Direction. --- Exposure. --- Hormone. --- Hormones. --- Hpa axis. --- Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. --- Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal. --- Hypothalamus. --- Immobilization stress. --- Level. --- Long-term. --- Nucleus. --- Paraventricular nucleus. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Response. --- Rna. --- Stress. --- Vasopressin. --- Work.

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Young animals respond to threatening stimuli in an age-specific way. Their endocrine and behavioral responses reflect the potential threat of the situation at a given age. The aim of the present study was to determine whether corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is involved in the endocrine and behavioral responses to threat and their developmental changes in young rats. Preweaning 14-day-old and postweaning 26-day-old rats were exposed to two age-specific threats, cat odor and an adult male rat. The acute behavioral response was determined during exposure. After exposure, the time courses of the corticosterone response and of CRF expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and in extrahypothalamic areas were assessed. Preweaning rats became immobile when exposed to cat odor or the male rat, whereas postweaning rats became immobile to cat odor only. Male exposure increased serum corticosterone levels in 14-day-old rats, but cat odor failed to increase levels at either age. Exposure induced elevation of CRF mRNA levels in the PVN that paralleled changes in corticosterone levels. CRF may thus play a role in endocrine regulation and its developmental changes during early life. Neither cat odor nor the adult male altered CRF mRNA levels in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) or the amygdala, but both stimuli increased levels in the hippocampus. Hippocampal CRF mRNA expression levels did not parallel cat odor or male-induced immobility, indicating that CRF is not involved in this response in young rats but may be involved in aspects of learning and memory. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Adult. --- Age. --- Amygdala. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Area. --- Bed nucleus. --- Behavioral-responses. --- Cat odor. --- Cat. --- Corticosterone. --- Corticotropin-releasing factor. --- Corticotropin-releasing hormone. --- Corticotropin-releasing-factor. --- Crf. --- Defensive-withdrawal. --- Dentate gyrus. --- Developmental-changes. --- Endocrine. --- Exposure. --- Expression. --- Fear. --- Gene-expression. --- Glucocorticoid. --- Hippocampal. --- Hippocampus. --- Hpa axis. --- Hypothalamus. --- Immature rat. --- Immobility. --- Immobilization stress. --- Increase. --- Learning. --- Level. --- Life. --- Male rat. --- Male. --- Memory. --- Messenger-rna expression. --- Nucleus. --- Odor. --- Paraventricular nucleus. --- Pituitary-adrenal axis. --- Play. --- Predation. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Regulation. --- Response. --- Responses. --- Serum. --- Stimuli. --- Stria terminalis. --- Time-course. --- Time. --- Ultrasonic vocalization. --- Young-rats. --- Young.

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Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone --- Cytokines --- Stress, Physiological. --- Digestive System Physiological Phenomena. --- #ABIB:aimm --- Biological Stress --- Metabolic Stress Response --- Physiological Stress Reaction --- Physiological Stress Reactivity --- Physiological Stress Response --- Metabolic Stress --- Physiological Stress --- Biological Stresses --- Metabolic Stress Responses --- Metabolic Stresses --- Physiological Stress Reactions --- Physiological Stress Responses --- Physiological Stresses --- Response, Metabolic Stress --- Responses, Metabolic Stress --- Stress Reaction, Physiological --- Stress Reactions, Physiological --- Stress Response, Metabolic --- Stress Response, Physiological --- Stress Responses, Metabolic --- Stress, Biological --- Stress, Metabolic --- Stresses, Biological --- Stresses, Metabolic --- Stresses, Physiological --- Digestive System Phenomena --- Digestive System Phenomenon --- Digestive System Physiological Concepts --- Digestive System Physiological Phenomenon --- Digestive System Physiology --- Digestive System Process --- Physiology, Digestive --- Digestive Physiology --- Digestive System Processes --- Phenomena, Digestive System --- Phenomenas, Digestive System --- Phenomenon, Digestive System --- Physiology, Digestive System --- Process, Digestive System --- Processes, Digestive System --- Digestive System --- Nutritional Physiological Phenomena --- physiology. --- physiology --- Corticotropin releasing hormone --- Neuroendocrinology --- Stress (Physiology) --- Gastroinstestinal System --- Stress --- CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR, physiology --- CYTOKINES --- GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM, physiology --- Physiological effect --- Congresses. --- congresses. --- congresses --- physiopathology --- veterinary --- Physiology --- Physiopathology --- Veterinary --- Corticotropin-releasing factor, physiology --- Corticotropin-releasing hormone --- Gastrointestinal system, physiology --- Gastroinstestinal system --- Stress (physiology) --- Digestive System Physiological Phenomena --- Stress, Physiological --- Cellular immunity --- Immune response --- ACTH releasing factor --- Corticotropin releasing factor --- CRF (Hormone) --- CRH (Hormone) --- Neuropeptides --- Pituitary hormone releasing factors --- Physiological effect&delete& --- Congresses --- Regulation --- Abiotic Stress --- Abiotic Stress Reaction --- Abiotic Stress Response --- Abiotic Stress Reactions --- Abiotic Stress Responses --- Abiotic Stresses --- Reaction, Abiotic Stress --- Reactions, Abiotic Stress --- Response, Abiotic Stress --- Stress, Abiotic --- Stresses, Abiotic --- Biotic Stress --- Biotic Stresses --- Stress, Biotic