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Coral declines --- Coral colonies --- Research. --- Diseases.

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Coral reefs and islands --- Coral declines --- Coral reef conservation --- Coral reef management --- Floods --- Economic aspects

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Coral reefs, which are one of the most productive and biodiverse ecosystems on Earth, serve various important roles, such as providing shelter and spawning grounds to a wide range of marine animals. However, the global decline of hard corals in tropical and subtropical regions is a growing concern. A recent review of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicated that only 10%–30% of coral reefs would survive with an increase of 1.5 °C in global warming temperature. Of coral reefs around the world, the coral reefs in eastern Asia face one of the most industrially developed and high population areas in the world. Thus, coral reefs of eastern Asia have been affected by various anthropogenic factors, such as eutrophication, coastal development, anthropogenic pollutants, ocean acidification, disease, and overfishing. Therefore, urgent research is required to determine the levels at which different factors will affect coral health. Besides, we propose a perspective on coral reef (especially those in eastern Asia) conservation under climate change and various anthropogenic activities.

Freshwater ecology. --- Marine ecology. --- Biodiversity. --- Zoology. --- Ecology. --- Oceanography. --- Bioclimatology. --- Environment. --- Freshwater and Marine Ecology. --- Biooceanography. --- Climate Change Ecology. --- Environmental Sciences. --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Bioclimatics --- Biometeorology --- Climatology --- Ecology --- Oceanology --- Thalassography --- Earth sciences --- Marine sciences --- Natural history --- Animals --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Biological oceanography --- Marine ecosystems --- Ocean --- Aquatic ecology --- Fresh water --- Fresh-water ecology --- Coral declines --- Coral reef ecology --- Coral reefs and islands