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witchcraft --- Salem --- history --- conventional wisdom --- extra-physical powers

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This paper presents a model of endogenous growth in which the main engine of economic development is knowledge. Using a two-sector closed economy model that comprises of a conventional goods-producing sector and a research and development sector, our model incorporates two key aspects of knowledge: technology and human capital. Steady-state equilibrium conditions show that the growth rate of per capita income hinges on the growth rate of human capital. While the growth rate of human capital has been previously shown to affect the growth of the economy in transition between steady states or balanced growth paths, this paper is the first to link the growth rate of human capital to the steady-state growth rate of productivity and output per worker. Furthermore, this result does not exhibit scale effects or policy invariance, both of which have been longstanding concerns with the predictions of endogenous growth models developed in the 1990s.

Capita Income --- Capital --- Capital Accumulation --- Capital Stock --- Conventional Wisdom --- E-Business --- Economic Development --- Economic Growth --- Economic Theory and Research --- Emerging Markets --- Factors Of Production --- Growth --- Growth Rate --- Growth Rate of Output --- Growth Rates --- Inequality --- International Economics & Trade --- Labor --- Labor Force --- Level Of Technology --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Neoclassical Models --- Political Economy --- Poverty Reduction --- Private Sector Development --- Pro-Poor Growth --- Production Function --- Sector Model --- State Equilibrium --- Technical Progress --- Trade and Regional Integration --- Trade Liberalization

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When the United States goes to war, the nation's attention focuses on the president. As commander in chief, a president reaches the zenith of power, while Congress is supposedly shunted to the sidelines once troops have been deployed abroad. Because of Congress's repeated failure to exercise its legislative powers to rein in presidents, many have proclaimed its irrelevance in military matters. After the Rubicon challenges this conventional wisdom by illuminating the diverse ways in which legislators influence the conduct of military affairs. Douglas L. Kriner reveals that even in politically sensitive wartime environments, individual members of Congress frequently propose legislation, hold investigative hearings, and engage in national policy debates in the public sphere. These actions influence the president's strategic decisions as he weighs the political costs of pursuing his preferred military course. Marshalling a wealth of quantitative and historical evidence, Kriner expertly demonstrates the full extent to which Congress materially shapes the initiation, scope, and duration of major military actions and sheds new light on the timely issue of interbranch relations.

Executive-legislative relations --- Politics and war --- Executive power --- United States. --- Powers and duties --- United States --- Military policy --- History, Military --- United States. Congress --- History [Military ] --- Presidents --- War --- War and politics --- Congressional-executive relations --- Congressional-presidential relations --- Executive-congressional relations --- Legislative-executive relationships --- Presidential-congressional relations --- Separation of powers --- Powers --- Political aspects --- Powers and duties. --- Military policy. --- History, Military. --- Executive-legislative relations - United States --- Politics and war - United States --- Executive power - United States --- United States - Military policy --- United States - History, Military --- united states politics, war, warfare, social sciences, history, us presidents, commander in chief, congress, troops, american military, legislative powers, conventional wisdom, wartime environments, international relations, diplomacy, national policy debates, historical evidence, investigative hearings, strategic decisions, public sphere, executive power, marines, legislators.

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"How economics needs to change to keep pace with the twenty-first century and the digital economy Digital technology, big data, big tech, machine learning, and AI are revolutionizing both the tools of economics and the phenomena it seeks to measure, understand, and shape. In Cogs and Monsters, Diane Coyle explores the enormous problems-but also opportunities-facing economics today if it is to respond effectively to these dizzying changes and to help policymakers solve the world's crises, from pandemic recovery and inequality to slow growth and the climate emergency. Mainstream economics, Coyle says, still assumes people are "cogs"-self-interested, calculating, independent agents interacting in defined contexts. But the digital economy is much more characterized by "monsters"-untethered, snowballing, and socially influenced unknowns. What is worse, by treating people as cogs, economics is creating its own monsters, leaving itself without the tools to understand the new problems it faces. In response, Coyle asks whether economic individualism is still valid in the digital economy, whether we need to measure growth and progress in new ways, and whether economics can ever be objective, since it influences what it analyzes. Just as important, the discipline needs to correct its striking lack of diversity and inclusion if it is to be able to offer new solutions to new problems.Filled with original insights, Cogs and Monsters offers a roadmap for how economics can adapt to the rewiring of society, including by digital technologies, and realize its potential to play a hugely positive role in the twenty-first century"--

economics. --- digital economy. --- innovation. --- history. --- História --- ιστορία --- storja --- histori --- historie --- historia --- história --- история --- stair --- geschiedenis --- történettudomány --- povijest --- zgodovina --- histoire --- историја --- Geschichtswissenschaft --- storia --- istorija --- ajalugu --- vēsture --- istorie --- Geschichte --- historiografie --- storiografia --- dějiny národů --- historiador --- dějepis --- historická věda --- történelem --- innovation --- innovaatio --- innovazione --- novinka --- inovație --- innovazzjoni --- иновация --- innovatsioon --- innowacja --- jaunievedums --- innovación --- vernieuwing --- καινοτομία --- inovácia --- inovação --- иновација --- nuálaíocht --- Innovation --- innováció --- risi --- inovacija --- τεχνολογική καινοτομία --- teknologisk fornyelse --- industrielle Innovation --- technologische Innovation --- technológiai innováció --- inovação tecnológica --- innovación industrial --- innovación tecnológica --- risi industriale --- naujovė --- βιομηχανική καινοτομία --- technologische vernieuwing --- industrijska inovacija --- innovazione industriale --- tehnoloogiline innovatsioon --- priemyselná inovácia --- technologijos naujovė --- technologická inovácia --- innovation technologique --- teollinen innovaatio --- tehnoloģisks jauninājums --- fornyelse --- risi teknologjike --- inovație industrială --- teknisk innovation --- innovation industrielle --- teknologinen innovaatio --- teknologisk innovation --- industriell innovation --- technological innovation --- pramoninė naujovė --- industrial innovation --- технолошка иновација --- innovazione tecnologica --- průmyslová novinka --- tööstusinnovatsioon --- technická novinka --- tehnološka inovacija --- industriel innovation --- ipari innováció --- inovação industrial --- rūpniecisks jauninājums --- innovazione scientifica --- inovație tehnologică --- digitale economie --- digital ekonomi --- economía digital --- digitālā ekonomika --- digitaalmajandus --- digitálne hospodárstvo --- économie numérique --- digitale Wirtschaft --- skaitmeninė ekonomika --- digitalno gospodarstvo --- economia digital --- дигитална економија --- economie digitală --- ψηφιακή οικονομία --- цифрова икономика --- ekonomija diġitali --- digitaalitalous --- digitális gazdaság --- digital økonomi --- economia digitale --- digitální ekonomika --- geilleagar digiteach --- gospodarka cyfrowa --- e-economia --- sähköinen talous --- economía electrónica --- e-economía --- digitálna ekonomika --- internetgazdaság --- online-economie --- digitální hospodářství --- e-ekonomija --- internet-talous --- internetekonomi --- internetøkonomi --- interneteconomie --- ekonomikas zinātne --- ekonomie --- xjenza ekonomika --- taloustiede --- економски науки --- ekonomija --- science économique --- Wirtschaftswissenschaft --- közgazdaságtan --- ekonomi politike --- ekonomia --- eacnamaíocht --- științe economice --- economische wetenschap --- οικονομική επιστήμη --- ciência económica --- majandusteadus --- ekonómia --- ekonomika --- ekonomska znanost --- ciencia económica --- økonomisk videnskab --- ekonomisk vetenskap --- економска наука --- икономическа наука --- scienze economiche --- οικονομική θεωρία --- hospodářská teorie --- politická ekonómia --- taloustieteellinen teoria --- teori ekonomike --- политичка економија --- teoria económica --- economic theory --- economische theorie --- politikai gazdaságtan --- ekonomska teorija --- ekonomikos mokslai --- πολιτική οικονομία --- politisk ekonomi --- economía política --- економика --- politinė ekonomija --- Wirtschaftstheorie --- politička ekonomija --- økonomisk teori --- teoria economica --- teoría económica --- politieke economie --- poliitökonoomia --- politiskā ekonomija --- economic science --- théorie économique --- teorie economică --- Volkswirtschaftslehre --- poliittinen taloustiede --- ekonomisk teori --- économie politique --- shkencë ekonomike --- political economics --- ekonomikos teorija --- ekonomická teória --- ekonomická nauka --- political economy --- ekonomická teorie --- majandusteooria --- ekonomikas teorija --- economia politica --- economie politică --- economia política --- gazdaságelmélet --- економска теорија --- národohospodářství --- Nationalökonomie --- Economics --- Computer. Automation --- Adoption. --- Advocacy. --- Alan Greenspan. --- Arrow's impossibility theorem. --- Artificial neural network. --- Austerity. --- Big government. --- Billionaire. --- Brown University. --- Calculation. --- Capability (systems engineering). --- Central bank. --- Civic engagement. --- Competition and Markets Authority. --- Competitiveness. --- Conventional wisdom. --- David Colander. --- Democracy. --- Digital economy. --- Economic statistics. --- Economics. --- Economist. --- Economy of Italy. --- Economy. --- Efficient-market hypothesis. --- Everyday life. --- Expense. --- Externality. --- Financial crisis of 2007–08. --- Financial crisis. --- Food bank. --- Globalization. --- Government. --- Homo economicus. --- Human science. --- Implementation. --- Incentive. --- Inflation. --- Inseparability. --- Institutional economics. --- Insurance policy. --- John Rawls. --- Kenneth Arrow. --- Keynesian economics. --- Knowledge spillover. --- Legitimacy (political). --- Literature. --- Macroeconomics. --- Mainstream economics. --- Marginal cost. --- Minarchism. --- Monetarism. --- Monetary policy. --- Money supply. --- Nate Silver. --- Neoliberalism. --- Network theory. --- New neoclassical synthesis. --- Paul Romer. --- Payment. --- Philosopher. --- Policy. --- Political economy. --- Political science. --- Politician. --- Politics. --- Power supply unit (computer). --- Pragmatism. --- Production function. --- Profession. --- Psychological well-being. --- Quality management. --- Radio spectrum. --- Real estate economics. --- Recession. --- Reputation. --- Research and development. --- Rhetorical question. --- Road pricing. --- Rule of thumb. --- School of thought. --- Small government. --- Social cost. --- Social structure. --- Socialist calculation debate. --- Sputnik crisis. --- Suggestion. --- Supply chain. --- Supporter. --- Technocracy. --- Test score. --- Thomas Robert Malthus. --- Trade association. --- Transport economics. --- Undergraduate degree. --- Undergraduate education. --- Unemployment. --- Unpopularity. --- Utilitarianism. --- Year.