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This publication provides detailed information on individual foreign aid commitments, i.e. intended disbursements, of Official Development Assistance (ODA) targeting the objectives of the Rio Conventions - the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the UN Convention to Combat Desertification, and the UN Convention on Biological Diversity - for the years 1998-2000. For each commitment listed, information is provided on the receiving country and sector, the donor country and agency, the amount and type of aid (grant or loan), grant element percentage, and whether the aid can be considered to

Biodiversity conservation -- Developing countries. --- Climate change. --- Climatic changes -- Developing countries. --- Convention on Biological Diversity (1992). --- Convention on Desertification (1994). --- Desertification -- Control -- Developing countries. --- Economic assistance -- Developing countries -- Statistics. --- Environmental degradation. --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Economic assistance. --- Economic aid --- Foreign aid program --- Foreign assistance --- Grants-in-aid, International --- International economic assistance --- International grants-in-aid --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Conditionality (International relations)

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The Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit-sharing is an international environmental agreement that concerns environmental sustainability, other sustainable development issues and equity. It addresses a complex subject matter that affects a range of research, development and commercial activities and is relevant to different areas of international law such as human rights, intellectual property rights, health, food and oceans. Unraveling the Nagoya Protocol identifies textual, contextual and systemic interpretative questions and suggests solutions that aim to give a coherent and balanced meaning to the text of the Protocol. Offering a systematic discussion of the Protocol’s legal innovations against the background of general international law, this commentary aims to be of use to international biodiversity law scholars and practitioners, as well as to international lawyers that approach access and benefit-sharing for the first time.

Biodiversity conservation --- Nature conservation --- Renewable natural resources --- Sustainable development --- Environmental law, International. --- Law and legislation. --- Convention on Biological Diversity --- Biodiversity conservation -- Law and legislation. --- Convention on Biological Diversity (1992). Protocols, etc., 2010 October 29. --- Nature conservation -- Law and legislation. --- Renewable natural resources -- Law and legislation. --- International environmental law --- International law --- Common heritage of mankind (International law) --- Law and economic development --- Environmental law --- law and legislation. --- Convention on Biological Diversity (1992 June 5) --- Biological diversity conservation --- Law and legislation --- Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) --- Treaties, etc. (United States) --- Konvent︠s︡ii︠a︡ pro biolohichne riznomanitti︠a︡ --- United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity --- Konvent︠s︡ii︠a︡ pro biolohichne rozmaïtti︠a︡ --- Convention sur la diversité biologique --- Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica --- Convenção sobre a Diversidade Biológica --- Abkommen über die biologische Vielfältigkeit --- Sopimus biologisesta vaihtelevuudesta --- Convenzione sulla Diversitá Biologica --- Sheng wu duo yang xing gong yue --- Convención sobre Diversidad Biológica --- Convenio sobre biodiversidad --- CBD --- Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing --- Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity --- Biodiversity --- Human rights --- Indigenous peoples --- International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture --- Nagoya Protocol --- Traditional knowledge --- United Nations --- United Nations Environment Programme

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These Guidelines highlight the linkages between global environmental issues, on the one hand, and sustainable development and poverty reduction, on the other. They demonstrate how development co-operation agencies can support developing countries’ efforts to integrate responses to the environmental threats addressed by the Climate Change, Biodiversity and Desertification Conventions (the "Rio Conventions") into their national poverty reduction and development plans. While focusing on the Rio Conventions, many of the findings outlined in these Guidelines apply equally to other global or regional environmental issues.

Convention on biological diversity (1992). --- Convention on desertification (1994). --- Economic policy. --- Sustainable development --- Economic policy --- Environmental policy --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable economic development --- Environment and state --- Environmental control --- Environmental management --- Environmental protection --- Environmental quality --- State and environment --- Environmental aspects --- Government policy --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Economic development --- Environmental auditing --- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change --- Convention on Biological Diversity --- Abkommen über die biologische Vielfältigkeit --- Bioloogilise mitmekesisuse konventsioon --- CBD --- Convenção sobre a Diversidade Biológica --- Convención sobre Diversidad Biológica --- Convenio sobre biodiversidad --- Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica --- Convention sur la diversité biologique --- Convenzione sulla Diversitá Biologica --- Konvent︠s︡ii︠a︡ pro biolohichne riznomanitti︠a︡ --- Konvent︠s︡ii︠a︡ pro biolohichne rozmaïtti︠a︡ --- Sheng wu duo yang xing gong yue --- Sopimus biologisesta vaihtelevuudesta --- United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity --- Climate Change Convention --- Convention cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques --- FC --- FCCC --- Förenta Nationernas konvention om klimatförändringar --- Förenta Nationernas ramkonvention om klimatförändringar --- Framework Convention on Climate Change --- Kihu Pyŏnhwa e kwanhan Kukche Yŏnhap Kibon Hyŏbyak --- UN Climate Change Convention --- UN-FCCC --- UN Framework Convention on Climate Change --- UNFCCC --- United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change --- Convention on Climate Change --- Environment --- Development --- Développement durable --- Politique économique --- Environnement --- Politique gouvernementale --- United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa