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Complex systems with symmetry arise in many fields, at various length scales, including financial markets, social, transportation, telecommunication and power grid networks, world and country economies, ecosystems, molecular dynamics, immunology, living organisms, computational systems, and celestial and continuum mechanics. The emergence of new orders and structures in complex systems means symmetry breaking and transitions from unstable to stable states. Modeling complexity has attracted many researchers from different areas, dealing both with theoretical concepts and practical applications. This Special Issue fills the gap between the theory of symmetry-based dynamics and its application to model and analyze complex systems.

History of engineering & technology --- multi-agent system (MAS) --- reinforcement learning (RL) --- mobile robots --- function approximation --- Opportunistic complex social network --- cooperative --- neighbor node --- probability model --- social relationship --- adapted PageRank algorithm --- PageRank vector --- networks centrality --- multiplex networks --- biplex networks --- divided difference --- radius of convergence --- Kung–Traub method --- local convergence --- Lipschitz constant --- Banach space --- fractional calculus --- Caputo derivative --- generalized Fourier law --- Laplace transform --- Fourier transform --- Mittag–Leffler function --- non-Fourier heat conduction --- Mei symmetry --- conserved quantity --- adiabatic invariant --- quasi-fractional dynamical system --- non-standard Lagrangians --- complex systems --- symmetry-breaking --- bifurcation theory --- complex networks --- nonlinear dynamical systems

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This book introduces new methods in the theory of partial differential equations derivable from a Lagrangian. These methods constitute, in part, an extension to partial differential equations of the methods of symplectic geometry and Hamilton-Jacobi theory for Lagrangian systems of ordinary differential equations. A distinguishing characteristic of this approach is that one considers, at once, entire families of solutions of the Euler-Lagrange equations, rather than restricting attention to single solutions at a time. The second part of the book develops a general theory of integral identities, the theory of "compatible currents," which extends the work of E. Noether. Finally, the third part introduces a new general definition of hyperbolicity, based on a quadratic form associated with the Lagrangian, which overcomes the obstacles arising from singularities of the characteristic variety that were encountered in previous approaches. On the basis of the new definition, the domain-of-dependence theorem and stability properties of solutions are derived. Applications to continuum mechanics are discussed throughout the book. The last chapter is devoted to the electrodynamics of nonlinear continuous media.

Differentiaalvergelijkingen [Hyperbolische ] --- Differential equations [Hyperbolic] --- Equations différentielles hyperboliques --- Symplectic manifolds --- Differential equations, Hyperbolic. --- Symplectic manifolds. --- Variétés symplectiques --- Equations différentielles hyperboliques --- Variétés symplectiques --- Manifolds, Symplectic --- Geometry, Differential --- Manifolds (Mathematics) --- Hyperbolic differential equations --- Differential equations, Partial --- Action (physics). --- Boundary value problem. --- Canonical form. --- Causal structure. --- Classical mechanics. --- Complex analysis. --- Configuration space. --- Conservative vector field. --- Conserved current. --- Conserved quantity. --- Continuum mechanics. --- Derivative. --- Diffeomorphism. --- Differentiable manifold. --- Differential geometry. --- Dimension. --- Dimensional analysis. --- Dirichlet's principle. --- Einstein field equations. --- Electromagnetic field. --- Equation. --- Equations of motion. --- Equivalence class. --- Error term. --- Euclidean space. --- Euler system. --- Euler's equations (rigid body dynamics). --- Euler–Lagrange equation. --- Existence theorem. --- Existential quantification. --- Exponential map (Lie theory). --- Exponential map (Riemannian geometry). --- Exterior derivative. --- Fiber bundle. --- Foliation. --- Fritz John. --- General relativity. --- Hamiltonian mechanics. --- Hamilton–Jacobi equation. --- Harmonic map. --- Hessian matrix. --- Holomorphic function. --- Hyperbolic partial differential equation. --- Hyperplane. --- Hypersurface. --- Identity element. --- Iteration. --- Iterative method. --- Lagrangian (field theory). --- Lagrangian. --- Legendre transformation. --- Lie algebra. --- Linear approximation. --- Linear differential equation. --- Linear map. --- Linear span. --- Linearity. --- Linearization. --- Maximum principle. --- Maxwell's equations. --- Nonlinear system. --- Open set. --- Ordinary differential equation. --- Orthogonal complement. --- Parameter. --- Partial differential equation. --- Phase space. --- Pointwise. --- Poisson bracket. --- Polynomial. --- Principal part. --- Principle of least action. --- Probability. --- Pullback bundle. --- Pullback. --- Quadratic form. --- Quantity. --- Requirement. --- Riemannian manifold. --- Second derivative. --- Simultaneous equations. --- Special case. --- State function. --- Stokes' theorem. --- Subset. --- Surjective function. --- Symplectic geometry. --- Tangent bundle. --- Tangent vector. --- Theorem. --- Theoretical physics. --- Theory. --- Underdetermined system. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Vector bundle. --- Vector field. --- Vector space. --- Volume form. --- Zero of a function. --- Zero set.

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Multibody systems with flexible elements represent mechanical systems composed of many elastic (and rigid) interconnected bodies meeting a functional, technical, or biological assembly. The displacement of each or some of the elements of the system is generally large and cannot be neglected in mechanical modeling. The study of these multibody systems covers many industrial fields, but also has applications in medicine, sports, and art. The systematic treatment of the dynamic behavior of interconnected bodies has led to an important number of formalisms for multibody systems within mechanics. At present, this formalism is used in large engineering fields, especially robotics and vehicle dynamics. The formalism of multibody systems offers a means of algorithmic analysis, assisted by computers, and a means of simulating and optimizing an arbitrary movement of a possibly high number of elastic bodies in the connection. The domain where researchers apply these methods are robotics, simulations of the dynamics of vehicles, biomechanics, aerospace engineering (helicopters and the behavior of cars in a gravitational field), internal combustion engines, gearboxes, transmissions, mechanisms, the cellulose industry, simulation of particle behavior (granulated particles and molecules), dynamic simulation, military applications, computer games, medicine, and rehabilitation.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- symmetry --- asymmetry --- measure of skewness --- decile --- Monte Carlo algorithm --- Gibbs–Appell --- energy of accelerations --- finite element --- nonlinear system --- elastic elements --- analytical dynamics --- robotics --- Hilbert’s inequality --- Fubini theorem --- Fenchel-Legendre transform --- time scale --- fractional derivative --- skin tissues --- thermal damages --- Laplace transforms --- Kane’s equations --- planar mechanism --- Lagrange’s equations --- dynamics --- finite element method (FEM) --- multibody system (MBS) --- wind water pump --- strands wire rope --- experimental transitory vibrating regime --- stiffness --- damping --- joint time-frequency analysis --- Prony method --- matrix pencil method --- multibody --- propulsion drive --- linear motion --- eccentric trajectory --- reusable launch vehicles --- soft landing --- magnetorheological fluid --- numerical simulation --- multibody systems with flexible elements --- elastic bonds --- vibrations --- initial matrix --- stiffness matrix --- stability --- laser --- nuclear installation --- insulation --- Extreme Light Infrastructure --- gamma ray --- flexible coupling --- bolt --- non-metallic element --- finite element method --- elastic characteristic --- Light Sport Aircraft --- conceptual aircraft design --- wing --- flap --- aileron --- weight estimation --- symmetric profile --- sustainability --- mosquito borne diseases --- Aedes Aegypti --- Wolbachia invasion --- impulsive control --- time scales --- Noether theory --- conserved quantity --- elastic coupling --- non-metallic elements --- dynamic rigidity --- non-collinearly shafts --- n/a --- Gibbs-Appell --- Hilbert's inequality --- Kane's equations --- Lagrange's equations