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Somalia, one of the poorest countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, still faces many challenges as it remains fragile. Terrorist groups and their attacks are threatening the government and limiting its capacity to implement effective development policies. Using difference-in-difference and instrumental variables approaches with micro-data from two waves of the Somali High Frequency Survey, this paper estimates the immediate (within a week) impact of terrorist attacks on households. The consumption of households exposed to terrorist incidents decreases by 33 percent, mainly on food items. As a result, poverty and the depth of poverty among the poor increases. The decline in consumption seems to be explained by a smaller share of household members working and earning income after an attack. In addition, the effect on consumption is restricted to a 4-kilometer radius from incidents and has a heterogeneous impact, not affecting households in the top 20 percent of the consumption distribution. The paper also finds a deterioration in people's perception of police competence. Achieving peace is a fundamental first step to increase welfare conditions that will also bring other wider long-term benefits in Somalia.
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Following the resurgence of conflict along the Armenia-Azerbaijan border regions between September and November 2020, the governments of Azerbaijan and Armenia signed the Trilateral Cease-fire Statement that resolved some aspects of the decades-long conflict. In December 2022, as a follow-up to the Republic of Azerbaijan 2022-2026 Socio-economic Development Strategy, the Government of Azerbaijan launched the State Program on the Great Return to the Liberated Territories of the Republic of Azerbaijan which describes a range of activities to facilitate the reconstruction of parts of the Karabakh region and the progressive return or resettlement of approximately 700,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) originally from Azerbaijan's border regions. Despite the support of the Azerbaijan government and international organizations, significant portions of the IDP population remain in poor living conditions, hampered by a lack of financial resources or essential services, as well as limited access to stable employment and/or high-income professions. For those who wish to do so, returning to the regions that they still consider home could provide an opportunity for IDP families to improve their standard of living and access to long-term professional and financial success.
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Konfliktbewältigung will gelernt sein - dieser Ratgeber zeigt den Weg zu einer guten Schüler-Lehrer-Beziehung. Konflikte aller Art sind an unseren Schulen an der Tagesordnung. Gerade die Lehrer, die sich nicht als pure Wissensvermittler, sondern als begleitende Beziehungspersonen verstehen, fühlen sich neben einer Vielzahl von Verpflichtungen, die nicht zu ihrem pädagogischen Auftrag gehören, häufig überfordert und allein gelassen. Konflikte miteinander kooperativ lösen – konkrete Hinweise zu schwierigen schulischen Situationen, psychologisch fundierte Methoden der Gesprächsführung und erprobte Strategien in Beziehungen zwischen Lehrenden und Lernenden bietet dieser Ratgeber.
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