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The primary focus of this thesis is to theoretically describe nanokelvin experiments in cold atomic gases, which offer the potential to revolutionize our understanding of strongly correlated many-body systems.  The thesis attacks major challenges of the field:  it proposes and analyzes experimental protocols to create new and interesting states of matter and introduces theoretical techniques to describe probes of these states.  The phenomena considered include the fractional quantum Hall effect, spectroscopy of strongly correlated states, and quantum criticality, among others.  The thesis also clarifies experiments on disordered quantum solids, which display a variety of exotic phenomena and are candidates to exhibit so-called "supersolidity."  It collects experimental results and constrains their interpretation through theoretical considerations. This Doctoral Thesis has been accepted by Cornell University, Ithaca, USA.

Condon, Edward Uhler, 1902-1974. --- Condon, Edward Uhler, 1902-1974. Physics. --- Phase transformations (Statistical physics) --- Quantum solids --- Low temperatures --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Thermodynamics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Atomic Physics --- Atoms --- Quantum solids. --- Cold working. --- Solids, Quantum --- Physics. --- Atoms. --- Low temperature physics. --- Low temperatures. --- Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics. --- Low Temperature Physics. --- Quantum statistics --- Solid state physics --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Matter --- Stereochemistry --- Constitution --- Cryogenics --- Low temperature physics --- Temperatures, Low --- Temperature --- Cold --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics