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This book provides a solution to the ecological inference problem, which has plagued users of statistical methods for over seventy-five years: How can researchers reliably infer individual-level behavior from aggregate (ecological) data? In political science, this question arises when individual-level surveys are unavailable (for instance, local or comparative electoral politics), unreliable (racial politics), insufficient (political geography), or infeasible (political history). This ecological inference problem also confronts researchers in numerous areas of major significance in public policy, and other academic disciplines, ranging from epidemiology and marketing to sociology and quantitative history. Although many have attempted to make such cross-level inferences, scholars agree that all existing methods yield very inaccurate conclusions about the world. In this volume, Gary King lays out a unique--and reliable--solution to this venerable problem. King begins with a qualitative overview, readable even by those without a statistical background. He then unifies the apparently diverse findings in the methodological literature, so that only one aggregation problem remains to be solved. He then presents his solution, as well as empirical evaluations of the solution that include over 16,000 comparisons of his estimates from real aggregate data to the known individual-level answer. The method works in practice. King's solution to the ecological inference problem will enable empirical researchers to investigate substantive questions that have heretofore proved unanswerable, and move forward fields of inquiry in which progress has been stifled by this problem.
Conclusie --- Conclusion --- Gevolgtrekking --- Inference --- Inference (Logic) --- Political statistics --- #SBIB:303H10 --- #SBIB:003.IO --- Ampliative induction --- Induction, Ampliative --- Reasoning --- Political science --- Statistics --- Methoden en technieken: algemene handboeken en reeksen --- Statistical methods --- Inference. --- Political statistics. --- Political science - Statistical methods.
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The aim of this book is to present the fundamental theoretical results concerning inference rules in deductive formal systems. Primary attention is focused on: admissible or permissible inference rules the derivability of the admissible inference rules the structural completeness of logics the bases for admissible and valid inference rules. There is particular emphasis on propositional non-standard logics (primary, superintuitionistic and modal logics) but general logical consequence relations and classical first-order theories are also considered. The book is
Conclusie --- Conclusion --- Gevolgtrekking --- Inference --- Inference (Logic) --- Logic [Symbolic and mathematical ] --- Logica [Symbolische en wiskundige ] --- Logique symbolique et mathémathique --- Logica matematica --- Logica. --- Modeltheorie. --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Inference. --- Logique symbolique et mathématique --- Inférence (Logique) --- Ampliative induction --- Induction, Ampliative --- Reasoning --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism
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Met Logisch en kritisch denken ontwikkelen hbo- en wo-studenten hun vermogen tot logisch denken, helder analyseren en kritisch oordelen. Aan de hand van levendige voorbeelden uit uiteenlopende disciplines wordt ingegaan op logica, geldigheid en drogredenen. Validiteit, inductie en deductie komen uitgebreid aan bod, en ook de verrassende relatie tussen denken en emoties wordt belicht. Het laatste hoofdstuk gaat op niet-technische wijze in op statistisch onderzoek. Achterin het boek staan oefenopgaven en op de website zijn uitwerkingen en extra opdrachten beschikbaar. Docenten kunnen gebruikmaken van tentamenvragen en powerpoints bij het boek. Van hbo- en wo-studenten wordt verwacht dat ze onderzoek kunnen uitvoeren en kritisch kunnen beoordelen. Deze uitgave helpt daarbij. Maar de stof van Logisch en kritisch denken heeft meer te bieden. Het is een onmisbaar stuk gereedschap bij het nemen van beslissingen als professional. Want wat ook je specialisme is, logisch en kritisch denken heb je op elk vakgebied nodig.Bron : http://www.coutinho.nl
Logic --- kritisch denken --- wetenschappelijk onderzoek --- logica --- Kritisch denken --- Logica (redeneerkunst) --- Methodologie --- Informatievaardigheden --- Science --- Denken --- Logica --- Argumentatieleer --- logisch denken --- 162 --- 415.4 --- Redeneren --- Proces van gevolgtrekking. Redenering. Gevolgtrekking. Conclusie --- algemene psychologie, hogere geestelijke functies (oa. leren, kennen, denken, begaafdheid, fantasie, geheugen, leerpsychologie) --- 1
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Conclusie --- Conclusion --- Gemeenplaatsen --- Gevolgtrekking --- Inference --- Inference (Logic) --- Insolubilia (Logic) --- Insolubilia (Logica) --- Insolubles (Logic) --- Insolubles (Logique) --- Lieux communs --- Loci communes --- Logic [Medieval ] --- Logica [Middeleeuwse ] --- Logique médiévale --- Medieval logic --- Middeleeuwse logica --- Topic (Philosophy) --- Topica (Filosofie) --- Topiek (Filosofie) --- Topiek [Wijsgerige ] --- Topique (Philosophie) --- Topoi --- Wijsgerige topiek --- Logic, Medieval --- Inférence (Logique) --- 162 --- Philosophy --- Liar paradox --- Ampliative induction --- Induction, Ampliative --- Reasoning --- Besluitvorming. Retoriek. Filosofische argumentatie. Redeneerprocessen --- 162 Besluitvorming. Retoriek. Filosofische argumentatie. Redeneerprocessen --- Inférence (Logique) --- Logique médiévale
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Qualitative methods in social research --- Conclusie --- Conclusion --- Gevolgtrekking --- Inference --- Inference (Logic) --- Social sciences --- Inférence (Logique) --- Sciences sociales --- Methodology --- Research --- Méthodologie --- Recherche --- 316:303.022 --- 303.833 --- 303.022 --- #SBIB:303H30 --- Kwantitatieve onderzoeksmethoden in de sociologie --- Interpretatie. Evaluatie --(sociaal onderzoek) --- Kwalitatieve methoden bij social research --(sociaal wetenschappelijk onderzoek) --- Kwalitatieve methoden: algemeen --- Inference. --- Qualitative research. --- Sociaal-wetenschappelijk onderzoek --- Methodology. --- Research. --- Sociaal-wetenschappelijk onderzoek. --- 303.022 Kwalitatieve methoden bij social research --(sociaal wetenschappelijk onderzoek) --- 303.833 Interpretatie. Evaluatie --(sociaal onderzoek) --- 316:303.022 Kwantitatieve onderzoeksmethoden in de sociologie --- Inférence (Logique) --- Méthodologie --- Qualitative research --- Social science research --- Qualitative analysis (Research) --- Qualitative methods (Research) --- Ampliative induction --- Induction, Ampliative --- Reasoning --- Social sciences - Methodology --- Social sciences - Research --- Inférence --- Recherche qualitative
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