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The authors study the effect of pre-primary education on children's subsequent school outcomes by exploiting a unique feature of the Uruguayan household survey (ECH) that collects retrospective information on preschool attendance in the context of a rapid expansion in the supply of pre-primary places. Using a within household estimator, they find small gains from preschool attendance at early ages that magnify as children grow up. By age 15, treated children have accumulated 0.8 extra years of education and are 27 percentage points more likely to be in school compared with their untreated siblings. Instrumental variables estimates that control for nonrandom selection of siblings into preschool lead to similar results. The authors speculate that early grade repetition harms subsequent school progression and that pre-primary education appears as a successful policy option to prevent early grade failure and its long lasting consequences.

Adolescent Health --- Average attendance --- Compulsory schooling --- Education --- Education for All --- Educational Sciences --- Enrollment --- Grade retention --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Preschool education --- Primary Education --- Primary education --- Primary school --- Primary school performance --- Retention rates --- School system --- Youth and Government

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The authors study the effect of pre-primary education on children's subsequent school outcomes by exploiting a unique feature of the Uruguayan household survey (ECH) that collects retrospective information on preschool attendance in the context of a rapid expansion in the supply of pre-primary places. Using a within household estimator, they find small gains from preschool attendance at early ages that magnify as children grow up. By age 15, treated children have accumulated 0.8 extra years of education and are 27 percentage points more likely to be in school compared with their untreated siblings. Instrumental variables estimates that control for nonrandom selection of siblings into preschool lead to similar results. The authors speculate that early grade repetition harms subsequent school progression and that pre-primary education appears as a successful policy option to prevent early grade failure and its long lasting consequences.

Adolescent Health --- Average attendance --- Compulsory schooling --- Education --- Education for All --- Educational Sciences --- Enrollment --- Grade retention --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Preschool education --- Primary Education --- Primary education --- Primary school --- Primary school performance --- Retention rates --- School system --- Youth and Government

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This study examines the effects of the extension of compulsory schooling from 5 to 8 years in Turkey in 1997-which involved substantial investment in school infrastructure-on schooling outcomes and, in particular, on the equality of these outcomes between men and women, and urban and rural residents using the Turkish Demographic and Health Surveys. This policy is peculiar because it also changes the sheepskin effects (signaling effects) of schooling, through its redefinition of the schooling tiers. The policy is also interesting due to its large spillover effects on post-compulsory schooling as well as its remarkable overall effect; for instance, we find that the completed years of schooling by age 17 increases by 1.5 years for rural women. The policy equalizes the educational attainment of urban and rural children substantially. The urban-rural gap in the completed years of schooling at age 17 falls by 0.5 years for men and by 0.7 to 0.8 years for women. However, there is no evidence of a narrowing gender gap with the policy. On the contrary, the gender gap in urban areas in post-compulsory schooling widens.

Compulsory schooling --- Education --- Education for all --- Equality in education --- Gender --- Health, nutrition and population --- Macroeconomics and economic growth --- Population policies --- Primary education --- Regression discontinuity design --- Rural and urban --- Secondary education

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The objective of this rapid assessment is to inform the design of an Urban Youth Empowerment Project by providing information on youth and youth serving initiatives. Terms of reference crime and violence in Port Moresby and the National Capital District (NCD) are widespread and costly. In 2004, 68 percent of households reported that they had been victims of crime at least once in the past year and 51 percent had been victims of multiple crimes. Violence against women is pervasive, with domestic violence and rape, including gang rape, routine. By 2005, there had been small decreases in reported victimization; however, 61 percent of households still reported being victims of at least one crime and 46 percent reported being victims of multiple crimes. At the same time, costs associated with security and theft amounted to an estimated 15 percent of business turnover and law and order problems serve as a deterrent to investment. Young people account for the greatest share of crime and violence, so tackling the problem means addressing the underlying causes of youth crime and violence. This report provides a rapid assessment of youth and youth serving institutions in Port Moresby. The report relies on extensive consultations held in Port Moresby from July 23, 2008. Meetings were held with over 100 young people, their parents, community leaders, government officials, researchers, youth workers, leaders of youth groups and youth serving agencies, and representatives of the international non-governmental and donor agencies.

Abortion --- Access to Education --- Adolescent Health --- Adolescents --- Advocacy --- Child Care --- Children and Youth --- Civil Society Organizations --- Compulsory Schooling --- Crime --- Curriculum --- Decision Making --- Domestic Violence --- Drugs --- Early Childhood Education --- Education --- Educational Attainment --- Gangs --- Health Education --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Health Outcomes --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Human Rights --- Information Campaigns --- Labor Markets --- Leadership --- Life Expectancy --- Marijuana --- Migration --- Nurses --- Nutrition --- Orphans --- Other Social Development --- Pharmacies --- Primary Education --- Public Health --- Reproductive Health --- Returns to Education --- Safe Sex --- School Attendance --- Schools --- Self-Confidence --- Sex Education --- Social Dev/Gender/Inclusion --- Social Development --- Social Protections and Labor --- Social Skills --- Substance Abuse --- Teacher Training --- Teachers --- Unemployment --- Violence --- Violence Against Women --- Vulnerable Groups --- Wages --- Youth

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La matière du droit de l’enseignement ne se laisse pas appréhender facilement.Fruit d’une histoire jalonnée de conflits, l’organisation de l’école repose sur des principes qui lui sont propres. Son architecture baroque est d’autant plus difficile à saisir qu’elle est en constante évolution. L’inflation législative n’a pas épargné le droit de l’enseignement. Les textes fondateurs – loi du pacte scolaire, décret « missions » ou décret « paysage » – s’enchevêtrent avec des législations éparses.L’ambition de cet ouvrage est d’offrir une présentation systématique du droit de l’enseignement pour permettre au lecteur de se retrouver dans le flux des règles qui en relèvent. Tant l’enseignement obligatoire que l’enseignement supérieur y sont étudiés. Une place importante est réservée à l’analyse de la jurisprudence, celle-ci permettant d’éclairer diverses zones d’ombres de cette branche du droit souvent laissée en friche par la doctrine

Administrative law --- Wallonia --- enseignement --- BPB1412 --- Enseignement obligatoire --- Enseignement supérieur --- enseñanza superior --- visokošolsko izobraževanje --- visokoškolsko obrazovanje --- vyššie vzdelávanie --- insegnamento superiore --- ardoideachas --- higher education --- ανώτατη εκπαίδευση --- Hochschulausbildung --- aukštasis mokslas --- hoger onderwijs --- edukazzjoni għolja --- högre utbildning --- højere uddannelse --- високо образование --- augstākā izglītība --- ensino superior --- felsőoktatás --- висше образование --- korkeakouluopetus --- arsimi i lartë --- szkolnictwo wyższe --- високо образовање --- vysokoškolské vzdělání --- kõrgharidus --- învățământ superior --- accademia --- вишо образование --- instituto de ensino superior --- τριτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση --- insegnamento post-secondario --- institute of technology --- akademie --- grand ekol --- Hochschulinstitut --- istituto d'insegnamento superiore --- ανώτατο εκπαιδευτικό ίδρυμα --- Hochschule --- kõrgkool --- universitetsundervisning --- ανώτατη παιδεία --- vyšší vzdělání --- école supérieure --- arsim tretësor --- gran escuela --- enseñanza postsecundaria --- Elitehochschule („grande école) --- højere undervisning --- tertiary education --- vyšší odborná škola --- shkollë e lartë --- instelling voor hoger onderwijs --- instituto politécnico --- hogere vakschool --- ανώτατη σχολή --- technologijos institutas --- tertiair onderwijs --- universitetsuddannelse --- insegnamento di ciclo superiore --- Akademie --- tehniskā augstskola --- școală superioară --- scuola superiore --- akademi (læreanstalt) --- kolegija --- escola superior --- escuela técnica superior --- nástavba --- Technische Hochschule --- institut pro technologie --- escuela superior --- ινστιτούτο τεχνικής εκπαίδευσης --- hogeschool --- ανώτατη σχολή (grande école) --- treťostupňové vzdelávanie --- терцијарно образование --- învățământ terțiar --- enseignement postsecondaire --- institut de technologie --- universitetsinstitut --- instituto de tecnologia --- akadémiai képzés --- postgymnasial utbildning --- højere læreanstalt --- vysoké školství --- vysoká škola --- technologický inštitút --- πολυτεχνείο --- tehnikakõrgkool --- teknologisk institut --- enseignement tertiaire --- trečiojo lygmens mokymas --- kolmannen asteen koulutus --- institut d'enseignement supérieur --- ensino pós-secundário --- escuela politécnica --- академско образование --- факултетско образование --- ΤΕΙ --- felsőfokú oktatási intézmény --- Gesamthochschule --- postsekundární vzdělání --- akadémia --- ανώτερη εκπαίδευση --- akademische Ausbildung --- ΑΕΙ --- instituto de enseñanza superior --- ΚΑΤΕΕ --- instelling voor technisch onderwijs --- institut tehnic superior --- grande école --- kolmanda taseme haridus --- academisch onderwijs --- Tertiärbereich --- teknillinen korkeakoulu --- универзитетско образование --- Hochschulwesen --- Τεχνικό Επαγγελματικό Ίδρυμα --- escola politécnica --- vyšší školství --- istituto tecnologico --- insegnamento di grado superiore --- παιδαγωγική ακαδημία --- academie --- institut i teknologjisë --- terciární vzdělání --- tercijarno obrazovanje --- Fachhochschule --- obvezno šolanje --- undervisningspligt --- enseñanza obligatoria --- schoolplicht --- învățământ obligatoriu --- ensino obrigatório --- obvezno školovanje --- kohustuslik haridus --- povinná školská dochádzka --- обавезно школовање --- задължително образование --- Schulpflicht --- edukazzjoni obbligatorja --- compulsory education --- obligātā izglītība --- szkolnictwo obowiązkowe --- υποχρεωτική εκπαίδευση --- oideachas éigeantach --- kötelező oktatás --- oppivelvollisuuskoulutus --- arsim i detyrueshëm --- insegnamento obbligatorio --- obligatorisk skolgång --- privalomas ugdymas --- povinná školní docházka --- задолжително образование --- Dauer der Schulpflicht --- povinné školstvo --- obligación escolar --- scolarità obbligatoria --- sameskola --- compulsory schooling --- fehlende Pflichtschuljahre --- lakisääteinen velvollisuus käydä koulua --- compulsory school attendance --- povinné vzdělávání --- povinná dĺžka navštevovania školy --- obrigatoriedade escolar --- задолжително посетување на наставата --- задолжително средно образование --- obligatorisk undervisning --- tvungen skolegang --- scuola dell'obbligo --- escolaridad obligatoria --- obligātais apmeklējums --- scolarité obligatoire --- obligation scolaire --- tankötelezettség --- задолжително основно образование --- bristande skolgång --- shkollim i detyrueshëm --- privalomasis mokslas --- koolikohustus --- falta de escolarización --- privalomasis mokymas --- skolplikt --- freastal scoile éigeantach --- escolaridade obrigatória --- üldine koolikohustus --- manglende skolegang --- gebrek aan scholing --- școlarizare obligatorie --- grundskola --- obligatorisk utbildning --- oppivelvollisuuden laiminlyönti --- υποχρέωση φοίτησης σε σχολείο --- verplicht onderwijs --- verplicht schoolbezoek --- υποχρεωτική σχολική φοίτηση --- pligtig undervisning --- privalomas mokyklos lankymas --- skolepligt --- задолжително школување --- pjesëmarrje e detyrueshme në shkollë --- povinná škola --- povinnost školní docházky --- allgemeine Schulpflicht --- általános tankötelezettség --- bristfällig skolgång --- obbligo scolastico --- onderwijs --- Educational law and legislation --- Education --- Droit --- EPUB-ALPHA-D EPUB-LIV-FT LIVDROIT STRADA-B --- Educational law and legislation. --- Belgium --- Éducation --- Éducation et État --- Liberté de l'enseignement --- Communauté française de Belgique --- E-books --- Wallonia (Belgium) --- Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles --- Droit. --- Belgique --- Enseignement supérieur