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In this book a distinguished scientist-historian offers a critical account of how biochemistry and molecular biology emerged as major scientific disciplines from the interplay of chemical and biological ideas and practice. Joseph S. Fruton traces the historical development of these disciplines from antiquity to the present time, examines their institutional settings, and discusses their impact on medical, pharmaceutical, and agricultural practice.

Biochemistry --- Molecular biology --- Proteins --- Enzymes --- Genes --- Genes. --- Molecular Biology --- Research --- Genetics --- Enzymes and Coenzymes --- Genome Components --- Chemistry --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Science --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Biology --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Genome --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Genetic Structures --- Genetic Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Biochemistry --- Laboratory Research --- Research Activities --- Research and Development --- Research Priorities --- Activities, Research --- Activity, Research --- Development and Research --- Priorities, Research --- Priority, Research --- Research Activity --- Research Priority --- Research, Laboratory --- Ethics, Research --- Biocatalysts --- Biocatalyst --- Enzyme --- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action --- Genetic Concepts --- Genetic Phenomenon --- Genetic Process --- Genetic Processes --- Concept, Genetic --- Concepts, Genetic --- Genetic Concept --- Phenomena, Genetic --- Phenomenon, Genetic --- Process, Genetic --- Processes, Genetic --- Cistron --- Gene --- Genetic Materials --- Cistrons --- Genetic Material --- Material, Genetic --- Materials, Genetic --- Biochemical Genetics --- Biology, Molecular --- Genetics, Biochemical --- Genetics, Molecular --- Molecular Genetics --- Biochemical Genetic --- Genetic, Biochemical --- Genetic, Molecular --- Molecular Genetic --- Gene Products, Protein --- Gene Proteins --- Protein --- Protein Gene Products --- Proteins, Gene --- Genomes --- Proteome --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- Genetic Structure --- Structure, Genetic --- Structures, Genetic --- Biologic Sciences --- Biological Science --- Science, Biological --- Sciences, Biological --- Biological Sciences --- Life Sciences --- Biologic Science --- Biological Science Discipline --- Discipline, Biological Science --- Disciplines, Biological Science --- Life Science --- Science Discipline, Biological --- Science Disciplines, Biological --- Science, Biologic --- Science, Life --- Sciences, Biologic --- Sciences, Life --- Sciences --- Component, Genome --- Components, Genome --- Genome Component --- Coenzymes and Enzymes --- Units of heredity --- Units of inheritance --- Heredity --- Molecular genetics --- DNA --- Ferments --- Soluble ferments --- Catalysts --- Enzymology --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biophysics --- Systems biology --- History. --- History --- Occupations --- Genetics. --- Enzymes and Coenzymes. --- Genome Components. --- Chemistry. --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. --- Science. --- Biological Science Disciplines. --- Biology. --- Natural Science Disciplines. --- Genome. --- Occupations. --- Genetic Structures. --- Genetic Phenomena. --- Enzymes. --- Research. --- Proteins. --- Molecular Biology. --- Biochemistry. --- history.

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Microbial Gene Essentiality: Protocols and Bioinformatics contains a comprehensive collection of experimental and computational strategies and techniques for microbial genome-scale essentiality studies, developed and presented by the leading groups in the field. In addition to wet-lab protocols, the book describes (i) statistical methods essential for planning successful large-scale essentiality screens, as well for data evaluation and analysis; (ii) in-silico prediction of gene essentiality using genome-scale reconstructed metabolic models; and (iii) data integration and comparative analysis in the context of genomic databases. This volume provides researchers with a first-stop guide for choosing the most appropriate strategy for planned essentiality studies. Experimental and computational aspects are equally important in genome-scale gene essentiality analysis, as in all other genomic technologies, and Microbial Gene Essentiality: Protocols and Bioinformatics reflects both of these aspects. All protocols follow the successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, each offering an introduction outlining the principles behind the techniques, step-by-step instructions, lists of the necessary equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding pitfalls, and are intended for both novice and expert scientists.

Computational Biology --- Computational biology. --- Genes, Essential --- Genetic Techniques --- Genetics, Microbial --- Genome, Bacterial --- Genomics --- Microbial genetics. --- Microbiological Techniques --- genetics --- methods --- Microbial genetics --- Computational biology --- Genetics --- Laboratory Manuals --- Methods --- Investigative Techniques --- Genome --- Biology --- Clinical Laboratory Techniques --- Microbiology --- Publication Formats --- Genes --- Genetic Structures --- Genome Components --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Publication Characteristics --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Genetic Phenomena --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Phenomena and Processes --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- Biologic Sciences --- Biological Science --- Science, Biological --- Sciences, Biological --- Biological Sciences --- Life Sciences --- Biologic Science --- Biological Science Discipline --- Discipline, Biological Science --- Disciplines, Biological Science --- Life Science --- Science Discipline, Biological --- Science Disciplines, Biological --- Science, Biologic --- Science, Life --- Sciences, Biologic --- Sciences, Life --- Component, Genome --- Components, Genome --- Genome Component --- Genetic Structure --- Structure, Genetic --- Structures, Genetic --- Cistron --- Gene --- Genetic Materials --- Cistrons --- Genetic Material --- Material, Genetic --- Materials, Genetic --- Diagnoses and Laboratory Examinations --- Diagnosis, Laboratory --- Laboratory Diagnosis --- Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses --- Laboratory Techniques, Clinical --- Clinical Laboratory Technique --- Diagnoses, Laboratory --- Laboratory Diagnoses --- Laboratory Technique, Clinical --- Technique, Clinical Laboratory --- Techniques, Clinical Laboratory --- Genomes --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Methodological Studies --- Methodological Study --- Procedures --- Studies, Methodological --- Study, Methodological --- Method --- Procedure --- Genetic Technic --- Genetic Technics --- Genetic Technique --- Technic, Genetic --- Technics, Genetic --- Technique, Genetic --- Techniques, Genetic --- Microbiologic Technic --- Microbiologic Technics --- Microbiologic Technique --- Microbiological Technics --- Technic, Microbiologic --- Technics, Microbiological --- Technique, Microbiologic --- Techniques, Microbiologic --- Microbiologic Techniques --- Microbiological Technic --- Microbiological Technique --- Technic, Microbiological --- Technics, Microbiologic --- Technique, Microbiological --- Techniques, Microbiological --- Bio-Informatics --- Biology, Computational --- Computational Molecular Biology --- Bioinformatics --- Molecular Biology, Computational --- Bio Informatics --- Bio-Informatic --- Bioinformatic --- Biologies, Computational Molecular --- Biology, Computational Molecular --- Computational Molecular Biologies --- Molecular Biologies, Computational --- Microbial Genetics --- Genetic, Microbial --- Microbial Genetic --- Bacterial Genomes --- Genomes, Bacterial --- Bacterial Genome --- Microorganisms --- Genetic Concepts --- Genetic Phenomenon --- Genetic Process --- Genetic Processes --- Concept, Genetic --- Concepts, Genetic --- Genetic Concept --- Phenomena, Genetic --- Phenomenon, Genetic --- Process, Genetic --- Processes, Genetic --- Genes, House-keeping --- Genes, Housekeeping --- Essential Gene --- Essential Genes --- Gene, Essential --- Gene, House-keeping --- Gene, Housekeeping --- Genes, House keeping --- House-keeping Gene --- House-keeping Genes --- Housekeeping Gene --- Housekeeping Genes --- Biochemistry. --- Cytology. --- Human genetics. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Cell Biology. --- Human Genetics. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Composition

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The "Frankenstein" story speaks of deep fears of biological science. Tracing the history of the development of biological science and how it has been received over two centuries, this work argues that the Frankenstein story governs much of today's debate about the new age of biotechnology. Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein", a tale crafted two centuries ago "to awaken thrilling horror", is a story that speaks to deep fears and desires that lie at the heart of our responses to biological science. Tracing the history of the development of biological science and how it has been received and understood by the public over two centuries, Turney's book argues that the Frankenstein story governs much of today's debate about the onrushing new age of biotechnology. Popular images of biological science have been influenced by Mary Shelley and such literary descendants as H.G. Wells, Jack London, Karel Capek and Aldous Huxley, as well as pulp writers, journalists, essayists, filmmakers and other commentators. This book examines how these images have developed as the growth of experimental methods has created a biology with real power to control and manipulate life. Frankenstein's shadow is long, Turney finds. It has affected the debates over vivisection in Victorian Britain, early 20th-century responses to the widely advertised possibility of laboratory creation of life and controversies about test-tube babies, genetic engineering and cloning. While Frankenstein remains a vehicle for expressing our collective ambivalence about some of the defining technologies of our age, the story may have outlived its usefulness as a frame for interpreting the significance of real, as opposed to fictional, science. Recognizing the need to understand the old stories, Turney calls also for new stories - stories to help with the task of shaping and regulating the unprecedented set of possibilities biological science now offers for fashioning life to suit our own ends.

Science --- Biotechnology --- Genetic engineering --- Science in literature --- Risk Management --- Reproductive Techniques --- Epidemiologic Measurements --- Probability --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Communications Media --- Investigative Techniques --- Social Control, Informal --- Socioeconomic Factors --- History, Modern 1601 --- -War --- Ethics --- Genetic Techniques --- Genome Components --- Occupational Groups --- Art --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Information Science --- DNA --- Sociology --- Humanities --- Social Sciences --- Technology --- Persons --- Culture --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Mathematical Concepts --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Health Care --- Nucleic Acids --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Statistics as Topic --- Public Health --- Therapeutics --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Anthropology, Cultural --- Named Groups --- Social Problems --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Population Characteristics --- Genome --- Organization and Administration --- Genetic Structures --- Epidemiologic Methods --- Anthropology --- Phenomena and Processes --- Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Environment and Public Health --- Health Services Administration --- Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms --- Genetic Phenomena --- Quality of Health Care --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Embryo Research --- Risk Assessment --- Animal Experimentation --- Cloning, Organism --- History, 19th Century --- Risk --- Social Change --- Genes --- Public Opinion --- Genetic Research --- Bioethics --- Knowledge --- Attitude --- Biomedical Technology --- Chromosome Mapping --- Fertilization in Vitro --- DNA, Recombinant --- Social Control, Formal --- Biology --- Human Body --- Eugenics --- History, 20th Century --- Nuclear Warfare --- Reproductive Techniques, Assisted --- Animal Welfare --- History --- Literature --- Internationality --- Medicine in Literature --- Genetic Engineering --- Genetics --- Research --- Mass Media --- Biomedical Research --- Research Personnel --- International Cooperation --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Sciences - General --- Embryo Cell Research --- Embryo Experimentation --- Human Embryo Research --- Cell Research, Embryo --- Embryo Experimentations --- Embryo Research, Human --- Experimentation, Embryo --- Experimentations, Embryo --- Research, Embryo --- Research, Embryo Cell --- Research, Human Embryo --- Embryo, Mammalian --- Human Experimentation --- Ethics, Research --- Stem Cell Research --- Wars --- War --- Armed Conflict --- Conflict, Armed --- Conflicts, Armed --- History of Medicine, Modern --- Medicine, Modern --- Modern History (Medicine) --- Modern Medicine --- History, Modern --- Modern History --- 1601- History, Modern --- History, Modern (Medicine) --- Modern 1601- History --- Factors, Socioeconomic --- High-Income Population --- Land Tenure --- Standard of Living --- Social Inequalities --- Social Inequality --- Factor, Socioeconomic --- High Income Population --- High-Income Populations --- Inequalities, Social --- Inequality, Social --- Living Standard --- Living Standards --- Population, High-Income --- Populations, High-Income --- Socioeconomic Factor --- Tenure, Land --- Economics --- Informal Social Control --- Control, Informal Social --- Controls, Informal Social --- Informal Social Controls --- Social Controls, Informal --- Power, Psychological --- Social Conformity --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Treaties --- Foreign Aid --- Aid, Foreign --- Cooperation, International --- Treaty --- Probabilities --- Media, Communications --- Biologic Sciences --- Biological Science --- Science, Biological --- Sciences, Biological --- Biological Sciences --- Life Sciences --- Biologic Science --- Biological Science Discipline --- Discipline, Biological Science --- Disciplines, Biological Science --- Life Science --- Science Discipline, Biological --- Science Disciplines, Biological --- Science, Biologic --- Science, Life --- Sciences, Biologic --- Sciences, Life --- Measurements, Epidemiologic --- Epidemiologic Measurement --- Measurement, Epidemiologic --- Engineering, Genetic --- Intervention, Genetic --- Genetic Intervention --- Genetic Interventions --- Interventions, Genetic --- Cloning, Molecular --- Industrial Microbiology --- Artificial Gene Fusion --- Organisms, Genetically Modified --- Animals, Genetically Modified --- Plants, Genetically Modified --- Literature, Medicine in --- in Literature, Medicine --- Globalization --- International Aspects --- International Perspectives --- International Relations --- Multinational Aspects --- Multinational Perspectives --- Aspect, International --- Aspect, Multinational --- Aspects, International --- Aspects, Multinational --- International Aspect --- International Perspective --- Multinational Aspect --- Multinational Perspective --- Perspective, International --- Perspective, Multinational --- Perspectives, International --- Perspectives, Multinational --- Relations, International --- International Law --- Pharmacy Audit --- Quality of Care --- Quality of Healthcare --- Audit, Pharmacy --- Care Quality --- Health Care Quality --- Healthcare Quality --- Pharmacy Audits --- Genetic Concepts --- Genetic Phenomenon --- Genetic Process --- Genetic Processes --- Concept, Genetic --- Concepts, Genetic --- Genetic Concept --- Phenomena, Genetic --- Phenomenon, Genetic --- Process, Genetic --- Processes, Genetic --- Molecular Biology --- Healthcare Evaluation Mechanisms --- Evaluation Mechanism, Healthcare --- Evaluation Mechanisms, Healthcare --- Healthcare Evaluation Mechanism --- Mechanism, Healthcare Evaluation --- Mechanisms, Healthcare Evaluation --- Therapy --- Treatment --- Therapeutic --- Therapies --- Treatments --- Disease --- Community Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Community --- Health, Public --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- Area Analysis --- Estimation Technics --- Estimation Techniques --- Indirect Estimation Technics --- Indirect Estimation Techniques --- Multiple Classification Analysis --- Service Statistics --- Statistical Study --- Statistics, Service --- Tables and Charts as Topic --- Analyses, Area --- Analyses, Multiple Classification --- Area Analyses --- Classification Analyses, Multiple --- Classification Analysis, Multiple --- Estimation Technic, Indirect --- Estimation Technics, Indirect --- Estimation Technique --- Estimation Technique, Indirect --- Estimation Techniques, Indirect --- Indirect Estimation Technic --- Indirect Estimation Technique --- Multiple Classification Analyses --- Statistical Studies --- Studies, Statistical --- Study, Statistical --- Technic, Indirect Estimation --- Technics, Estimation --- Technics, Indirect Estimation --- Technique, Estimation --- Technique, Indirect Estimation --- Techniques, Estimation --- Techniques, Indirect Estimation --- Biotechnologies --- Body Parts --- Body Parts and Fluids --- Body, Human --- Human Figure --- Bodies, Human --- Figure, Human --- Figures, Human --- Human Bodies --- Human Figures --- Parts, Body --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Public Policy --- Reproduction Technics --- Reproduction Techniques --- Reproductive Technologies --- Technology, Reproductive --- Reproductive Technology --- Reproduction Technic --- Reproduction Technique --- Reproductive Technique --- Technic, Reproduction --- Technics, Reproduction --- Technique, Reproduction --- Technique, Reproductive --- Techniques, Reproduction --- Techniques, Reproductive --- Technologies, Reproductive --- Selective Breeding --- Reproductive Medicine --- Reproductive Health Services --- Hospital Incident Reportings --- Incident Reporting --- Incident Reportings, Hospital --- Management, Risks --- Reporting, Hospital Incident --- Reportings, Hospital Risk --- Voluntary Patient Safety Event Reporting --- Hospital Incident Reporting --- Incident Reporting, Hospital --- Hospital Risk Reporting --- Hospital Risk Reportings --- Incident Reportings --- Management, Risk --- Reporting, Hospital Risk --- Reporting, Incident --- Reportings, Hospital Incident --- Reportings, Incident --- Risk Reporting, Hospital --- Risk Reportings, Hospital --- Risks Management --- Truth Disclosure --- Investigator, Clinical --- Investigators --- Investigators, Clinical --- Survey Personnel --- Clinical Investigator --- Clinical Investigators --- Researchers --- Investigator --- Personnel, Research --- Personnel, Survey --- Researcher --- Sciences --- Administration, Health Services --- Health Services --- Science and society --- Sociology of science --- Natural science --- Natural sciences --- Science of science --- Recombinant DNA Research --- Recombination Joint --- Genes, Spliced --- Recombinant DNA --- DNA Research, Recombinant --- Joint, Recombination --- Research, Recombinant DNA --- Spliced Genes --- DNA Transposable Elements --- Genetic Vectors --- Genomic Library --- Gene Library --- Fertilizations in Vitro --- In Vitro Fertilization --- Test-Tube Babies --- Test-Tube Fertilization --- Babies, Test-Tube --- Baby, Test-Tube --- Fertilization, Test-Tube --- Fertilizations, Test-Tube --- In Vitro Fertilizations --- Test Tube Babies --- Test Tube Fertilization --- Test-Tube Baby --- Test-Tube Fertilizations --- Ectogenesis --- Insemination, Artificial --- Literatures --- Genome Mapping --- Gene Mapping --- Linkage Mapping --- Chromosome Mappings --- Gene Mappings --- Genome Mappings --- Linkage Mappings --- Mapping, Chromosome --- Mapping, Gene --- Mapping, Genome --- Mapping, Linkage --- Mappings, Chromosome --- Mappings, Gene --- Mappings, Genome --- Mappings, Linkage --- Cytogenetics --- Genetic Markers --- Cytogenetic Analysis --- Gene Order --- Synteny --- Biomedical Technologies --- Technology, Biomedical --- Technology, Health --- Technology, Health Care --- Health Care Technology --- Health Technology --- Biomedical Engineering --- Medical Informatics --- Attitudes --- Opinions --- Opinion --- Intention --- Epistemology --- Biomedical Ethics --- Health Care Ethics --- Ethics, Biomedical --- Ethics, Health Care --- Ethics, Medical --- Ethicists --- Research, Genetic --- Experimental Medicine --- Investigational Medicine --- Investigative Medicine --- Research, Biomedical --- Research, Medical --- Medical Research --- Medicine, Experimental --- Medicine, Investigational --- Medicine, Investigative --- Animals, Laboratory --- Epidemiologic Method --- Epidemiological Methods --- Methods, Epidemiologic --- Epidemiological Method --- Method, Epidemiologic --- Method, Epidemiological --- Methods, Epidemiological --- Epidemiology --- Genetic Structure --- Structure, Genetic --- Structures, Genetic --- Administration and Organization --- Administrative Technics --- Administrative Techniques --- Coordination, Administrative --- Logistics --- Supervision --- Technics, Administrative --- Techniques, Administrative --- Administration --- Administrative Coordination --- Administrative Technic --- Administrative Technique --- Technic, Administrative --- Technique, Administrative --- Nucleic Acid --- Acid, Nucleic --- Acids, Nucleic --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Concept, Mathematical --- Concepts, Mathematical --- Mathematical Concept --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Aspects, Historical --- Historical Aspects --- Aspect, Historical --- Historical Aspect --- Histories --- Animal Cruelty --- Cruelty, Animal --- Welfare, Animal --- Vivisection --- Animal Use Alternatives --- Euthanasia, Animal --- Behavior And Behavior Mechanism --- Beliefs --- Cultural Background --- Cultural Relativism --- Customs --- Background, Cultural --- Backgrounds, Cultural --- Belief --- Cultural Backgrounds --- Cultural Relativisms --- Cultures --- Relativism, Cultural --- Relativisms, Cultural --- Person --- Arts, Industrial --- Industrial Arts --- Cloud Computing --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- General Social Development and Population --- ds-DNA --- DNA, Double-Stranded --- Deoxyribonucleic Acid --- DNA, Double Stranded --- Double-Stranded DNA --- ds DNA --- Biopolymers --- Broadcast Media --- Folk Media --- Printed Media --- Media, Broadcast --- Media, Folk --- Media, Mass --- Media, Printed --- Laboratory Research --- Research Activities --- Research and Development --- Research Priorities --- Activities, Research --- Activity, Research --- Development and Research --- Priorities, Research --- Priority, Research --- Research Activity --- Research Priority --- Research, Laboratory --- Assisted Reproductive Technics --- Assisted Reproductive Techniques --- Reproductive Technology, Assisted --- Assisted Reproductive Technic --- Assisted Reproductive Technique --- Assisted Reproductive Technologies --- Assisted Reproductive Technology --- Reproductive Technic, Assisted --- Reproductive Technics, Assisted --- Reproductive Technique, Assisted --- Reproductive Technologies, Assisted --- Technic, Assisted Reproductive --- Technics, Assisted Reproductive --- Technique, Assisted Reproductive --- Techniques, Assisted Reproductive --- Technologies, Assisted Reproductive --- Technology, Assisted Reproductive --- Atomic Warfare --- Warfare, Atomic --- Warfare, Nuclear --- Radiation --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- Negative Eugenics --- Positive Eugenics --- Eugenics, Negative --- Eugenics, Positive --- Genetic Counseling --- Genetics, Medical --- Genomes --- Proteome --- Population Heterogeneity --- Population Statistics --- Characteristic, Population --- Characteristics, Population --- Heterogeneity, Population --- Population Characteristic --- Statistics, Population --- Interest Groups --- Pro-Choice Groups --- Public Opinion Polls --- Group, Interest --- Group, Pro-Choice --- Groups, Interest --- Groups, Pro-Choice --- Interest Group --- Opinion Poll, Public --- Opinion Polls, Public --- Opinion, Public --- Poll, Public Opinion --- Polls, Public Opinion --- Pro Choice Groups --- Pro-Choice Group --- Public Opinion Poll --- Cistron --- Gene --- Genetic Materials --- Cistrons --- Genetic Material --- Material, Genetic --- Materials, Genetic --- Modernization --- Social Development --- Social Impact --- Change, Social --- Changes, Social --- Development, Social --- Developments, Social --- Impact, Social --- Impacts, Social --- Social Changes --- Social Developments --- Social Impacts --- Group Processes --- Relative Risk --- Relative Risks --- Risk, Relative --- Risks --- Risks, Relative --- Incidence --- Risk Reduction Behavior --- Harm Reduction --- 19th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 19th Cent. History of Medicine --- 19th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 19th Century --- History of Medicine, 19th Cent. --- History, Nineteenth Century --- Medical History, 19th Cent. --- Medicine, 19th Cent. --- 19th Century History --- 19th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 19th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 19th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 19th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 19th --- Century Histories, Nineteenth --- Century History, 19th --- Century History, Nineteenth --- Histories, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 19th Century --- Histories, Nineteenth Century --- History, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Nineteenth Century Histories --- Nineteenth Century History --- Cloning --- Cloning, Embryo --- Cloning, Human --- Embryo Cloning --- Human Cloning --- Clonings, Embryo --- Clonings, Human --- Clonings, Organism --- Embryo Clonings --- Human Clonings --- Organism Cloning --- Organism Clonings --- Reproduction, Asexual --- Nuclear Transfer Techniques --- Animal Experimental Use --- Animal Experiments --- Animal Research --- Animal Experiment --- Animal Experimental Uses --- Experiment, Animal --- Experimental Use, Animal --- Experimental Uses, Animal --- Experimentation, Animal --- Experiments, Animal --- Research, Animal --- Models, Animal --- Bioethical Issues --- Information Sciences --- Science, Information --- Sciences, Information --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Health Care Economics --- Health Economics --- Healthcare Economics --- Care Economic, Health --- Economic, Health --- Economic, Health Care --- Economic, Healthcare --- Economics, Health Care --- Health Care Economic --- Health Economic --- Healthcare Economic --- Health Risk Assessment --- Risks and Benefits --- Assessment, Risk --- Benefit-Risk Assessment --- Risk Analysis --- Risk-Benefit Assessment --- Analysis, Risk --- Assessment, Benefit-Risk --- Assessment, Health Risk --- Assessment, Risk-Benefit --- Benefit Risk Assessment --- Benefit-Risk Assessments --- Benefits and Risks --- Health Risk Assessments --- Risk Analyses --- Risk Assessment, Health --- Risk Assessments --- Risk Benefit Assessment --- Risk-Benefit Assessments --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- Arts --- Group, Occupational --- Groups, Occupational --- Occupational Group --- Employee --- Employees --- Personnel --- Worker --- Workers --- Occupations --- Labor Exploitation --- Social Exploitation --- Exploitation, Labor --- Exploitation, Social --- Exploitations, Labor --- Problem, Social --- Problems, Social --- Social Problem --- Cultural Anthropology --- Material Culture --- Ethnography --- Culture, Material --- Ethnographies --- Material Cultures --- Qualitative Research --- Component, Genome --- Components, Genome --- Genome Component --- Genetic Technic --- Genetic Technics --- Genetic Technique --- Technic, Genetic --- Technics, Genetic --- Technique, Genetic --- Techniques, Genetic --- Egoism --- Ethical Issues --- Metaethics --- Moral Policy --- Natural Law --- Situational Ethics --- Ethical Issue --- Ethics, Situational --- Issue, Ethical --- Issues, Ethical --- Law, Natural --- Laws, Natural --- Moral Policies --- Natural Laws --- Policies, Moral --- Policy, Moral --- Censorship, Research --- Social aspects --- Public opinion --- therapy --- organization & administration --- methods --- biotechnologie --- #GBIB:CBMER --- Medicine in Literature. --- Public Opinion. --- Science. --- Biotechnology. --- Human Genome Project. --- Science in literature. --- Genetic Engineering. --- Social aspects. --- Public opinion.