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Article
Year: 1998
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Trainers at the Royal Guide Dogs Associations of Australia (RGDAA) assess 12-month-old potential guide dogs for 20 categories of temperament after walking and observing each dog over 5 days in increasingly complex environments. The present study investigated how trainers interpret these temperament categories from the canine behaviour observed. Dogs were videotaped by the author on their final assessment walk. Trainers who had no prior knowledge of the dogs on the videotapes observed the tapes and pointed out segments which, in their opinion, showed dogs expressing particular categories of temperament. One hundred and two segments of tape were isolated and examined in detail. The elements of behaviour observed in each segment were noted. Descriptions or 'indicator sets' were determined for nine temperament categories. Each set lists the elements of behaviour shown by dogs in 60%–69%, 70%–79% and 80% of cases. Indicator sets were not determined for categories that were rarely identified by trainers, rarely observed in dogs, or which could not be assessed from a single videotaped walk. Although each indicator set was unique, some elements of behaviour were common to more than one set. Therefore, it is best to interpret temperament categories from many elements of behaviour rather than just one or two. If adopted by other guide dog associations, the indicator sets derived from this study may be useful in standardising the identification and assessment of temperament categories of potential guide dogs by avoiding anthropomorphism or misinterpretation of dogs' behaviour.
Assessment. --- Association. --- Behaviour. --- Complex environment. --- Complex environments. --- Dog. --- Dogs. --- Environment. --- Environments. --- Guide dogs for the blind. --- Identification. --- Potential guide dogs. --- Temperament. --- Walking.
Article
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We evaluated whether environmental enrichment-related effects on the development of stereotyped behavior in deer mice were associated with alterations in dendritic morphology. Deer mice were reared under enriched or standard housing conditions and then tested in automated photocell detectors and classified as stereotypic or nonstereotypic. Dendritic morphology was assessed in layer V pyramidal neurons of the motor cortex, medium spiny neurons of the dorsolateral striatum, and granule cells of the dentate gyrus using Golgi-Cox histochemistry. Enriched nonstereotypic mice exhibited significantly higher dendritic spine densities in the motor cortex and the striatum than enriched stereotypic or standard-cage mice. Significant increases in dendritic arborization following environmental enrichment also were observed. These results suggest that the enrichment-related prevention of stereotyped behavior is associated with increased dendritic spine density. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Amphetamine. --- Bank voles. --- Behavior. --- Complex environments. --- Cortex. --- Deer mice. --- Deer. --- Density. --- Dentate gyrus. --- Development. --- Differential experience. --- Enriched. --- Enrichment. --- Environmental enrichment. --- Frontal-cortex. --- Golgi-cox,repetitive behavior,deer mice,brain. --- Housing conditions. --- Housing. --- Increase. --- Increases. --- Mice. --- Morphology. --- Neurons. --- Plasticity. --- Prevention. --- Rat-brain. --- Sex-differences. --- Stereotyped behavior. --- Stereotypic. --- Striatum.
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