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This report presents an analysis of competition conditions and market concentration in Haiti. Based on available import data and available information on economic group connections, it also presents a limited analysis of the economic groups and companies that operate in Haiti, with a focus on highly concentrated markets. This analysis found that Haitian markets are constrained by a mix of factors, including operational business risks related to weak competitive conditions; highly concentrated markets which likely result in higher consumer prices; and a concentration of ownership in the most powerful firms, which seem to benefit from preferential treatment such as reduced customs duties.

Competitiveness and Competition Policy --- Energy --- Environment --- Export Competitiveness --- Finance --- Private Sector Development --- Rural Development

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This report presents an analysis of competition conditions and market concentration in Haiti. Based on available import data and available information on economic group connections, it also presents a limited analysis of the economic groups and companies that operate in Haiti, with a focus on highly concentrated markets. This analysis found that Haitian markets are constrained by a mix of factors, including operational business risks related to weak competitive conditions; highly concentrated markets which likely result in higher consumer prices; and a concentration of ownership in the most powerful firms, which seem to benefit from preferential treatment such as reduced customs duties.

Competitiveness and Competition Policy --- Energy --- Environment --- Export Competitiveness --- Finance --- Private Sector Development --- Rural Development

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Kenya's business environment has been weakening over recent years and this has limited the private sector's ability to grow, create jobs, and contribute to economic development. Competitive domestic markets are necessary to boost Kenya's competitiveness. There are two pillars that sustain effective competition policy: (i) opening markets and removing anticompetitive regulation; and (ii) effectively enforcing competition law. The main focus of this report is the identification of regulations that could restrict competition and distort markets and business decisions, having a negative effect on Kenya's competitiveness and growth. This report contains results from a review of the regulatory framework in key areas identified using Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD) Product Market Regulation (PMR) indicators, the World Bank Group's framework to identify anticompetitive regulations, and interviews with stakeholders. This report is concerned only with certain regulations that affect market competition in select sectors and topical areas. The report stems from the policy dialogue with various Kenyan institutions, supported by the Kenya Investment Climate Program. This report contains three parts. Part one identifies restrictive regulations that affect the whole economy, while Part two focuses on select sectors. Part three provides policy recommendations to promote greater competition in Kenyan markets through the assessment and modification of regulations that create obstacles to competition. It also provides estimates of the potential benefits of reforming product market regulations.

Agriculture --- Competitiveness and Competition Policy --- Electricity --- Insurance --- Private Sector Development --- Telecommunications

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Rice is Lao PDR's biggest agricultural commodity in terms of farmers involved in production, cropland area allocated, and food consumption. Rice also generates important economic spillover effects, supporting jobs in milling, trading, and food catering sectors nationwide. Vegetables are emerging as a new source of growth, benefiting from the rising demand of more affluent and urbanized Laotians for nutritious and diverse diets. This report studies the extent of commercialization of rice and vegetables value chains in Lao PDR, the main challenges and opportunities, and ways to increase their contribution to the country's economic development. Economic benefits are maximized when farmers have incentives to produce for profit while consumers gain from reasonable prices and good quality of products. Therefore, this report focuses on the cost buildup between farmers and consumers, motivated by the high retail rice prices in Vientiane vis-a-vis complaints of low farm-gate prices. The report follows a qualitative and quantitative value chain approach combined with a detailed regulatory assessment. It is based on about 100 interviews with key experts and stakeholders. It studies the value chain for rice from Khammouane to Vientiane Capital and for vegetables from Vientiane Province to Vientiane Capital. Theresults are not country representative; they should be read as a snapshot of the selected value chains in selected areas in 2017. Yet this work is unique for Lao PDR, among the first to generate detailed estimates of cost build-up at each stage of the value chain using primary data and applying a consistent methodology. It is also unique in generating knowledge on the vegetables value chain, which is less studied than those of rice and other agricultural commodities in Lao PDR. The study finds that Lao farmers receive a relatively high farm-gate price, yet high production costs "eat" their profits (rather than low farm-gate prices, as often perceived in the country). However, the share of farm-gate prices in wholesale and retail prices in Lao PDR is the lowest among its peers. This dampens farm supply responses. In addition, the issues holding back the rice sector in Lao PDR pertain to: (i) low productivity and quality management at the farm and immediate post farm levels; (ii) a fragmented milling sector dominated by small operators with old technology; (iii) an overall market system that fails to provide incentives for product quality; and (iv) the lack of a significant consumer class with high purchasing power that could foster consolidation of wholesale and retail sectors and reduce their costs. In summary, the high cost of paddy production and operational inefficiencies among multiple players in the value chain areresponsible for high consumer rice prices.

Agribusiness --- Agricultural Sector Economics --- Agriculture --- Commercialization --- Competitiveness And Competition Policy --- Export Competitiveness --- Private Sector Development --- Rice

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The Enterprise Surveys (ES) focus on many aspects of the business environment. These factors can be accommodating or constraining for firms and play an important role in whether an economy's private sector will thrive or not. An accommodating business environment is one that encourages firms to operate efficiently. Such conditions strengthen incentives for firms to innovate and to increase productivity, key factors for sustainable development. A more productive private sector, in turn, expands employment and contributes taxes necessary for public investment in health, education, and other services. Questions contained in the ES aim at covering most of the topics mentioned above. The topics include infrastructure, trade, finance, regulations, taxes and business licensing, corruption, crime and informality, access to finance, innovation, labor, and perceptions about obstacles to doing business. This document summarizes the results of the Enterprise Survey for Indonesia. Business owners and top managers in 1,320 firms were interviewed April 2014 to November 2015.

Access to Finance --- Business Environment --- Competitiveness and Competition Policy --- Corruption --- Crime --- Enterprise Development & Reform --- Infrastructure --- Private Sector Development --- Taxes --- Trade