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Remote schools in developing countries are costly to supervise, resulting in low teacher accountability and poor education outcomes. This paper reports the results of a randomized evaluation of three treatments that introduced teacher incentives based on community monitoring of teacher effort against locally agreed standards. The Social Accountability Mechanism (SAM) treatment facilitated a joint commitment between schools and community members to improve learning. Teacher performance was rated against it, discussed in monthly public meetings and passed on to authorities. The second and third treatments combined SAM with a performance pay mechanism that would penalize eligible teachers' remote area allowance for poor performance. In the SAM+Camera (SAM+Cam) treatment, the cut was based on absence as recorded by a tamper-proof camera; while in the SAM+Score treatment, it was based on the overall rating. After one year, the findings indicate improvements in learning outcomes across all treatments; however, the strongest impact of 0.20 standard deviation is observed for SAM+Cam. The evaluation also finds a small positive impact on the effort of affected teachers for SAM+Cam and SAM, and significant positive improvements on parental educational investments in all treatments. For SAM and SAM+Cam, additional data were collected in the second year (one year after project facilitators left). The findings show that SAM+Cam's impacts on learning outcomes and parental investments-but not teacher effort-persisted into the second year.
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This book is a collection of the articles published the Special Issue of ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information on “Citizen Science and Geospatial Capacity Building”. The articles cover a wide range of topics regarding the applications of citizen science from a geospatial technology perspective. Several applications show the importance of Citizen Science (CitSci) and volunteered geographic information (VGI) in various stages of geodata collection, processing, analysis and visualization; and for demonstrating the capabilities, which are covered in the book. Particular emphasis is given to various problems encountered in the CitSci and VGI projects with a geospatial aspect, such as platform, tool and interface design, ontology development, spatial analysis and data quality assessment. The book also points out the needs and future research directions in these subjects, such as; (a) data quality issues especially in the light of big data; (b) ontology studies for geospatial data suited for diverse user backgrounds, data integration, and sharing; (c) development of machine learning and artificial intelligence based online tools for pattern recognition and object identification using existing repositories of CitSci and VGI projects; and (d) open science and open data practices for increasing the efficiency, decreasing the redundancy, and acknowledgement of all stakeholders.
Research & information: general --- participatory toponyms --- knowledge sharing --- public participation --- citizen science --- geospatial capacity building --- volunteered geographic information --- social media --- spatiotemporal bias --- CitSci --- earthquake --- intensity mapping --- disaster mitigation --- spatial kriging --- volunteered geographic information (VGI) --- data contribution activities --- spatial and temporal patterns --- biases --- eBird --- community-based geoportal --- crowdsourced earth observation product --- remote sensing --- spatial data infrastructure (SDI) --- crowdsourced data quality --- GeoWeb --- outdoor air pollution --- symptom mapping --- data quality --- web application --- water quality --- community-based monitoring --- machine learning --- Indian monsoon --- Jacobin cuckoo --- Maxent --- species distribution model --- habitat suitability --- range expansion --- WorldClim --- CMIP --- crowdsourcing --- participatory GIS
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This book is a collection of the articles published the Special Issue of ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information on “Citizen Science and Geospatial Capacity Building”. The articles cover a wide range of topics regarding the applications of citizen science from a geospatial technology perspective. Several applications show the importance of Citizen Science (CitSci) and volunteered geographic information (VGI) in various stages of geodata collection, processing, analysis and visualization; and for demonstrating the capabilities, which are covered in the book. Particular emphasis is given to various problems encountered in the CitSci and VGI projects with a geospatial aspect, such as platform, tool and interface design, ontology development, spatial analysis and data quality assessment. The book also points out the needs and future research directions in these subjects, such as; (a) data quality issues especially in the light of big data; (b) ontology studies for geospatial data suited for diverse user backgrounds, data integration, and sharing; (c) development of machine learning and artificial intelligence based online tools for pattern recognition and object identification using existing repositories of CitSci and VGI projects; and (d) open science and open data practices for increasing the efficiency, decreasing the redundancy, and acknowledgement of all stakeholders.
participatory toponyms --- knowledge sharing --- public participation --- citizen science --- geospatial capacity building --- volunteered geographic information --- social media --- spatiotemporal bias --- CitSci --- earthquake --- intensity mapping --- disaster mitigation --- spatial kriging --- volunteered geographic information (VGI) --- data contribution activities --- spatial and temporal patterns --- biases --- eBird --- community-based geoportal --- crowdsourced earth observation product --- remote sensing --- spatial data infrastructure (SDI) --- crowdsourced data quality --- GeoWeb --- outdoor air pollution --- symptom mapping --- data quality --- web application --- water quality --- community-based monitoring --- machine learning --- Indian monsoon --- Jacobin cuckoo --- Maxent --- species distribution model --- habitat suitability --- range expansion --- WorldClim --- CMIP --- crowdsourcing --- participatory GIS
Choose an application
This book is a collection of the articles published the Special Issue of ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information on “Citizen Science and Geospatial Capacity Building”. The articles cover a wide range of topics regarding the applications of citizen science from a geospatial technology perspective. Several applications show the importance of Citizen Science (CitSci) and volunteered geographic information (VGI) in various stages of geodata collection, processing, analysis and visualization; and for demonstrating the capabilities, which are covered in the book. Particular emphasis is given to various problems encountered in the CitSci and VGI projects with a geospatial aspect, such as platform, tool and interface design, ontology development, spatial analysis and data quality assessment. The book also points out the needs and future research directions in these subjects, such as; (a) data quality issues especially in the light of big data; (b) ontology studies for geospatial data suited for diverse user backgrounds, data integration, and sharing; (c) development of machine learning and artificial intelligence based online tools for pattern recognition and object identification using existing repositories of CitSci and VGI projects; and (d) open science and open data practices for increasing the efficiency, decreasing the redundancy, and acknowledgement of all stakeholders.
Research & information: general --- participatory toponyms --- knowledge sharing --- public participation --- citizen science --- geospatial capacity building --- volunteered geographic information --- social media --- spatiotemporal bias --- CitSci --- earthquake --- intensity mapping --- disaster mitigation --- spatial kriging --- volunteered geographic information (VGI) --- data contribution activities --- spatial and temporal patterns --- biases --- eBird --- community-based geoportal --- crowdsourced earth observation product --- remote sensing --- spatial data infrastructure (SDI) --- crowdsourced data quality --- GeoWeb --- outdoor air pollution --- symptom mapping --- data quality --- web application --- water quality --- community-based monitoring --- machine learning --- Indian monsoon --- Jacobin cuckoo --- Maxent --- species distribution model --- habitat suitability --- range expansion --- WorldClim --- CMIP --- crowdsourcing --- participatory GIS --- participatory toponyms --- knowledge sharing --- public participation --- citizen science --- geospatial capacity building --- volunteered geographic information --- social media --- spatiotemporal bias --- CitSci --- earthquake --- intensity mapping --- disaster mitigation --- spatial kriging --- volunteered geographic information (VGI) --- data contribution activities --- spatial and temporal patterns --- biases --- eBird --- community-based geoportal --- crowdsourced earth observation product --- remote sensing --- spatial data infrastructure (SDI) --- crowdsourced data quality --- GeoWeb --- outdoor air pollution --- symptom mapping --- data quality --- web application --- water quality --- community-based monitoring --- machine learning --- Indian monsoon --- Jacobin cuckoo --- Maxent --- species distribution model --- habitat suitability --- range expansion --- WorldClim --- CMIP --- crowdsourcing --- participatory GIS
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