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21st centruy Communication is a four-level series that uses powerful ideas from TED Talks to teach learners to think critically and communicate effectively. Through authentic models of effective communication, students build fluency in the listening and speaking skills needed to achieve academic and personal success.

Communication skills : English.

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Anamnèse aux urgences : impact d’une formation par simulation sur les habiletés de communication des étudiants en médecine.

Résumé
Introduction : 
Depuis trois décennies, le problème de la communication dans le milieu hospitalier, que ce soit pour l’annonce d’un diagnostic, d’une mauvaise nouvelle ou pour la réalisation d’une anamnèse est apparu de plus en plus incontournable, notamment en termes de sécurité. Pour autant, rares sont les études qui se sont focalisées sur les éléments de communication lors de l’anamnèse réalisée aux urgences. 
Nous nous sommes dès lors attachés à étudier cet élément chez des étudiants en médecine abordant leur stage aux urgences, en testant l’intérêt d’une formation par simulation sur les habiletés communicationnelles de l’étudiant lors de la réalisation d’une anamnèse, en la comparant à la formation de base fournie par l’enseignement clinique sur le terrain.

Matériel et Méthode : 
Un échantillon de 61 étudiants médecins de master 2,3 et 4 de la faculté de médecine de l’ULG répondaient aux critères d’inclusion à l’étude. Ils ont été divisés de manière aléatoire en deux groupes : expérimental (groupe E, n = 30) et contrôle (groupe C, n = 31). En condition basale, l’ensemble des étudiants a été évalué sur la performance de l’anamnèse aux urgences lors d’ un exercice les exposant à la réalisation d’un examen clinique objectif structuré (ECOS) avec un patient standardisé. Ils étaient en outre invités à compléter un questionnaire concernant leur sentiment d’auto- efficacité́ lié à la réalisation d’une anamnèse aux urgences. 
Par la suite, le groupe expérimental seul a participé à diverses séances de simulation alors que les deux groupes prestaient leur stage mensuel aux urgences. Au terme de celui-ci, l’ensemble des étudiants subissaient une évaluation similaire à l’évaluation basale. 

Résultats : 
Les résultats des évaluations menées indiquent que l’adjonction de la simulation en sus du stage clinique permet une amélioration significative de l’enseignement clinique, l’acquisition des habiletés communicationnelles, ainsi que le sentiment de maitrise globale dans la réalisation d’une anamnèse aux urgences. 
Le stress ressenti lors de la réalisation de l’anamnèse et le sentiment d’auto-efficacité évalué lors du test s’amélioraient significativement dans les deux groupes, de manière indifférenciée (stress ressenti : p-valeur=0.63 ; auto-efficacité : p-valeur=0.26).

Discussion :
L’accès à une formation par la simulation lors du stage aux urgences permet d’améliorer significativement le développement des habiletés communicationnelles ainsi que le sentiment de maitrise globale des étudiants en matière d’anamnèse du patient par comparaison à l’assistance simple au stage clinique.

Mots clés : Anamnèse ; Urgences ; Habiletés communicationnelles ; HCAT Anamnesis in Emergencies: Impact of Simulation Training on the Communication Skills of Physician Students.

Abstract

Background :
For three decades, the problem of communication in the hospital environment, whether for the announcement of a diagnosis and bad news or for carrying out an anamnesis, appeared more and more unavoidable, particularly in terms of of security. However, rare are the studies that focused on the elements of communication during the anamnesis performed in emergencies. 
We have since focused on studying this element in physiscian studies approaching their internships in emergencies, by testing the interest of a simulation training on the student communication skills when carrying out an anamnesis, in comparing it to the basic training provided by clinical field teaching. 

Material and method : 
A sample of 61 doctoral master's students 2,3 and 4 from the ULG's Faculty of Medicine met the inclusion criteria for the study. They were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (group E, n = 30) and a control group (group C, n = 31). 
In basal condition, all students were assessed on the performance of the emergency room history during an exercise exposing them to an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) with a standardized patient. In addition, they were asked to complete a questionnaire about their sense of self-efficiency in conducting an emergency medical history. 
Subsequently, the experimental group alone participated in various simulation sessions while both groups performed their monthly staff turnover in the emergency room. At the end of this one, all the students went an evaluation similar to the basal evaluation.

Results : 
The results of the evaluations carried out indicate that the addition of the simulation in addition to the clinical internship allows a significant improvement of the clinical teaching, the acquisition of communication skills, as well as the feeling of global mastery in carrying out an anamnesis to emergency room. 
The stress experienced in performing the anamnesis and the feeling of self-efficiency assessed during the test improved significantly in both groups, in an undifferentiated manner (perceived stress: p-value = 0.63, self-efficacy: p -value = 0.26). 

Discussion : 
Access to training by simulation during the emergency internship significantly improves the development of communication skills as well as the students' overall sense of control over the patient's history compared to the simple assistance to the clinical internship. . 


Keywords: Anamnesis; Emergency room ; Communication skills; HCAT

Anamnèse, Urgences, HCAT --- Habiletés communicationnelles --- Anamnesis, Emergency Room, HCAT, Communication Skills --- Sciences de la santé humaine > Médecine générale & interne

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Almost everything that matters to humans is derived from and through communication. Just because people communicate every day, however, does not mean that they are communicating competently. In fact, evidence indicates that there is a substantial need for better interpersonal skills among a significant proportion of the populace. Furthermore, "dark side" experiences in everyday life abound, and features of modern society pose new challenges that make the concept of communication competence increasingly complex. The Handbook of Communication Competence brings together scholars from across the globe to examine these various facets of communication competence, including its history, its essential components, and its applications in interpersonal, group, institutional, and societal contexts. The book provides a state-of-the-art review for scholars and graduate students, as well as practitioners in counseling, developmental, health care, educational, intercultural, and human resource management contexts, illustrating that communication competence is vital to health, relationships, and all collective human endeavors.

Communicative competence. --- Competence, Communicative --- Communication --- Competence and performance (Linguistics) --- Psycholinguistics --- Communicative competence --- E-books --- Communication Competence, Communication Skills, Social Competence, Social Skills.

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English language --- Reading comprehension. --- Listening comprehension. --- Study and teaching (Elementary). --- Study and teaching (Secondary). --- Comprehension --- Communication skills (Elementary education) --- Germanic languages --- Study and teaching (Elementary) --- Study and teaching (Secondary)

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Every leader needs to move people to action and align everyone's actions toward the same goal. But how is this best accomplished? Words are a leader's greatest tool, and metaphors are the most potent combination of words available. If a leader wants to be successful in communicating vision, motivating people, and transforming an organization, he or she must understand the power of metaphors and learn how to use them well. Through the proper use of metaphors, anyone can become a better leader, align his or her team with their organizational values, and lead the organization to success. Metaphors can activate vision and mission statements, enliven goals and objectives, and literally align every aspect of an organization in its intended direction. In SPeak Performance: Using the Power of Metaphors to Communicate Vision, Motivate People, and Lead Your Organization to Success, Jim Walz, PhD, shares his proprietary method of developing metaphors for use by any leader of people. The knowledge gained from the principles in this book will help leaders develop stronger vision and mission statements that are action oriented, and it will provide a schematic to organize goals and objectives that are relevant and focused on accomplishing the vision. Organizations can be transformed in the way they do business and find the ability to compete in a global marketplace more effectively than ever before. Whether you are an aspiring leader, a supervisor, manager, or corporate executive, this book will provide you with communication tools that will take your leadership to the next level and beyond.

Business communication. --- Metaphor. --- leadership --- management --- organizational change --- management communication --- business --- strategy --- organizational behavior --- communication skills --- leading --- organizing --- organizational development --- systems --- processes --- vision --- mission --- motivation --- motivating --- success --- successful --- business management --- entrepreneur --- entrepreneurship --- organizational culture