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The study of humour constitutes an extremely broad range of approaches related to a multiplicity of disciplines across the social sciences. Work on humour can be found in philosophy, political studies, sociology, media studies, linguistics, and psychology, amongst others. Its scope is large, encompassing humour as a form of communication in both everyday interactions between people and within forms of culture such as television and books. It focuses on how humour is produced, what constitutes humour, what effects humour has, and the purposes for which humour is used. The study of humour is asserted as significant because humour and comedy are typically understood as ordinary, everyday phenomena that are easily understood and largely insignificant. As such, studying humour often represents an intervention into long-established disciplines ...

Sociology. --- Communication and Media Studies.

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Anthropology. --- Geography. --- Communication and Media Studies.

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Folklore, loosely speaking, is "traditional" culture, and it consists of the vernacular patterns, practices, and performances of culture that are repeated and varied as they occur. Often viewed as heavily connected with orality, oral transmission, or oral culture, folklore forms can range quite widely from oral narratives like folktales or legends, to material culture like quilts or handcrafts, to embodied forms like dance, gesture, or dramatic performance, or even to technologically mediated forms like online jokes, legends, or games. Given the diversity of forms considered by folklorists, one of the most significant unifying forces in the discipline of folkloristics has been the development of methods of study that allow for the close study of cultural practices and human expression. These methods form a key set of tools for scholars in any field who have interest in the deep study of cultural forms and expressions and are especially relevant in a period in which the integration of new interactive technological forms into everyday life has brought vernacular practices and expressions into a central place in public life around the world.

Anthropology. --- Communication and Media Studies. --- History.

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Heteronormativity refers to discursive, social, material, and institutional practices that construct heterosexuality as the default, normal, and natural sexual orientation. Heterosexuality is privileged as an unalterable ideal to such a degree that it is unmarked and thus may go unnoticed in research practice. This entry questions what it means to do research with an awareness of heteronormativity and considers how assuming gender and sexuality impacts research practices. From design and data collection to analysis and implementation, normative assumptions limit who and what is seen and heard, what questions are asked, how data are interpreted, and what impact research can have outside existing systems knowledge embedded in institutions and accounts. This entry reflects on how researchers can work through assumptions about gender and sexuality to facilitate ...

Sociology. --- Education. --- Communication and Media Studies.

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Collaborative ethnography emphasizes collaborative research across a range of both field and ethnographic writing practices. It may include collaborative fieldwork and writing carried out by teams of more than one ethnographer or teams of other researchers, but this is not its main emphasis. In field-based disciplines like anthropology, folklore, or ethnomusicology, "collaborative ethnography" has developed along very particular lines and surfaces into the present, implying much more than collaborative work between or among research colleagues. In these fields (and in this entry), the problem of collaboration focuses mainly on narrowing epistemological (and often methodological and theoretical) gaps between an ethnographer or groups of ethnographers and the individuals and groups of people with whom they may work (e.g., participants, consultants, respondents). Anthropologist Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban (2008) has ...

Anthropology. --- Communication and Media Studies. --- Education.