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State, The --- Etat --- Administration --- Commonwealth, The --- Sovereignty --- Political science

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State, The. --- El Estado. --- Administration --- Commonwealth, The --- Sovereignty --- Political science

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The state remains the most important political unit of the modern world. In the most recent phase of globalization the role and position of the state has changed, but after a short intermezzo in which nothing less than the “end of the state” was frequently proclaimed, the social sciences have reached consensus about the ongoing centrality of states. This Handbook focuses on state transformations. Transformations are fundamental changes of the state. We take into consideration the entire period from the emergence of the nation-state in Europe to the present but we concentrate on state transformations over the past four decades. This Handbook presents the latest social science knowledge about the state and its transformations along with issues for further research. Transformations of the state are considered for all regions of the world, for countries in economically advanced and less developed regions, for young states and those which can look back at a long tradition of state development, for democratic states and authoritarian regimes, for countries with (previously) socialist economic systems and the states where the idea of liberal market economies originated, for states with a colonial past and their erstwhile colonial masters. It is challenging and ambitious to examine such a wide range of states and their transformations, even in an exten¬sive Handbook profiting from the participation of a large number of leading experts.

State, The --- Administration --- Commonwealth, The --- Sovereignty --- Political science

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This book models the emergence of the state, and the forces that shape it. State creation is bound to protection needs. A specialized protector-ruler is efficient, but is also self-seeking. Individuals will install a ruler only after they create a mechanism to control him. Among the offshoots of the organized protection are legal system and decision-making procedures that include voting. The initial 'state of nature' may gradually evolve into a rule-of-law state. The state endows individuals with rights by delineating what it will protect. Enforcement, however, is never perfect. People use third parties such as firms to enforce agreements. As commodities become standardized, scale economies increase. In order to exploit the economies of within-state enforcement, the state will expand the contact enforcement territory by treaty or by conquest. The force may explain the creation of rule-of-law empires.

Economic order --- State, The. --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Administration --- Commonwealth, The --- Sovereignty --- Political science

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Political sociology --- State, The --- #A9405A --- Administration --- Commonwealth, The --- Sovereignty --- Political science