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The Effects of Volumetric Pricing Policy on Farmers' Water Management Institutions and Their Water Use : The Case of Water User Organization in an Irrigation System in Hubei, China.
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Year: 2015 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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This article examines the effect of water pricing policies on farmers' water saving behaviors, using original water user group (WUG) data from a reservoir irrigation system in China. The introduction of volumetric water pricing at the group level, to replace area-based pricing, induces institutional change to prevent each member's overuse of water when the volumetric price levels are moderate. Depending on the initial conditions, the multiple pathways of change lead to new institutional arrangements, with all of them contributing to water savings. However, when the price is set high enough, many farmers exit a WUG for private irrigation. This tendency is associated with an increased probability that the remaining members do not undertake institutional change and that they do not end up saving water. This may be due to the increased management difficulties among the remaining members whose fields are separated by former members who have now opted out for private irrigation across the WUG. As a result, we do not find evidence that the reservoir water is saved at high volumetric price levels.


Book
Forest Management, Conflict and Social-Ecological Systems in a Changing World
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Conflicts in forest management are unavoidable because of the large temporal and spatial scales characteristic of forests ecosystems and the large number of actors involved. Forests are multifunctional ecosystems par excellence, and it can be hypothesized that current public policies, and especially those labeled as societal transitions, can affect this widespread holistic management goal. In this Special Issue, the different contributions by the authors raise the questions of how different types of conflicts arise and what alternatives exist to solve those conflicts. The Issue contains examples from both temperate and tropical forests and addresses, for instance, conflicts arising from REDD+ programs, the declaration of new protected areas, the complexity of negotiating carbon offset targets, the loss of local knowledge because of demographic trends, and meeting biodiversity and biomass targets simultaneously, among others. We present a general typology of sources of conflicts because of two dimensions: a vertical dimension represented by bottom-up versus top-down approaches and a horizontal dimension arising by ecosystem extent and ownership boundaries. Awareness that new policies can be a source of unexpected conflicts calls for precaution while testing new ‘transition’ approaches.

Keywords

Research. --- Forestry. --- forest planning and management --- rural community sustainability --- ecosystem services --- forest sociology --- forestry in the media --- forest vulnerability --- adaptive capacity --- multiple-use land management --- conflicting perspectives --- natural processes --- high-yield silviculture --- forest management --- multifunctionality --- carbon offset --- collective action --- conflict avoidance --- mitigation --- payment for ecosystem services --- social-ecological --- France --- protected areas establishment --- stakeholder participation --- landscape protection --- qualitative research --- Soutok Protected Landscape Area (Czech Republic) --- REDD+ --- conflict --- forests --- land tenure --- political ecology --- ecological unit --- synergy/trade-off --- spatial structure --- attribute characteristics --- forest sustainability --- production forests --- environment forests --- carbon credit --- retention approach --- common-pool resource management --- local vs. global --- economic oligopoly --- panacea paradigm --- renewable energy --- sectoral organization --- CHANS --- globalization --- historical data --- socio-ecological frameworks --- dry-edge --- forest planning and management --- rural community sustainability --- ecosystem services --- forest sociology --- forestry in the media --- forest vulnerability --- adaptive capacity --- multiple-use land management --- conflicting perspectives --- natural processes --- high-yield silviculture --- forest management --- multifunctionality --- carbon offset --- collective action --- conflict avoidance --- mitigation --- payment for ecosystem services --- social-ecological --- France --- protected areas establishment --- stakeholder participation --- landscape protection --- qualitative research --- Soutok Protected Landscape Area (Czech Republic) --- REDD+ --- conflict --- forests --- land tenure --- political ecology --- ecological unit --- synergy/trade-off --- spatial structure --- attribute characteristics --- forest sustainability --- production forests --- environment forests --- carbon credit --- retention approach --- common-pool resource management --- local vs. global --- economic oligopoly --- panacea paradigm --- renewable energy --- sectoral organization --- CHANS --- globalization --- historical data --- socio-ecological frameworks --- dry-edge


Book
Forest Management, Conflict and Social-Ecological Systems in a Changing World
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Conflicts in forest management are unavoidable because of the large temporal and spatial scales characteristic of forests ecosystems and the large number of actors involved. Forests are multifunctional ecosystems par excellence, and it can be hypothesized that current public policies, and especially those labeled as societal transitions, can affect this widespread holistic management goal. In this Special Issue, the different contributions by the authors raise the questions of how different types of conflicts arise and what alternatives exist to solve those conflicts. The Issue contains examples from both temperate and tropical forests and addresses, for instance, conflicts arising from REDD+ programs, the declaration of new protected areas, the complexity of negotiating carbon offset targets, the loss of local knowledge because of demographic trends, and meeting biodiversity and biomass targets simultaneously, among others. We present a general typology of sources of conflicts because of two dimensions: a vertical dimension represented by bottom-up versus top-down approaches and a horizontal dimension arising by ecosystem extent and ownership boundaries. Awareness that new policies can be a source of unexpected conflicts calls for precaution while testing new ‘transition’ approaches.


Book
Forest Management, Conflict and Social-Ecological Systems in a Changing World
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Conflicts in forest management are unavoidable because of the large temporal and spatial scales characteristic of forests ecosystems and the large number of actors involved. Forests are multifunctional ecosystems par excellence, and it can be hypothesized that current public policies, and especially those labeled as societal transitions, can affect this widespread holistic management goal. In this Special Issue, the different contributions by the authors raise the questions of how different types of conflicts arise and what alternatives exist to solve those conflicts. The Issue contains examples from both temperate and tropical forests and addresses, for instance, conflicts arising from REDD+ programs, the declaration of new protected areas, the complexity of negotiating carbon offset targets, the loss of local knowledge because of demographic trends, and meeting biodiversity and biomass targets simultaneously, among others. We present a general typology of sources of conflicts because of two dimensions: a vertical dimension represented by bottom-up versus top-down approaches and a horizontal dimension arising by ecosystem extent and ownership boundaries. Awareness that new policies can be a source of unexpected conflicts calls for precaution while testing new ‘transition’ approaches.


Book
Arid Land Systems: Sciences and Societies
Authors: ---
ISBN: 3039213482 3039213474 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Understanding deserts and drylands is essential, as arid landscapes cover >40% of the Earth and are home to two billion people. Today's problematic environment–human interaction needs contemporary knowledge to address dryland complexity. Physical dimensions in arid zones—land systems, climate and hazards, ecology—are linked with social processes that directly impact drylands, such as land management, livelihoods, and development. The challenges require integrated research that identifies systemic drivers across global arid regions. Measurement and monitoring, field investigation, remote sensing, and data analysis are effective tools to investigate natural dynamics. Equally, inquiry into how policy and practice affect landscape sustainability is key to mitigating detrimental activity in deserts. Relations between socio-economic forces and degradation, agro-pastoral rangeland use, drought and disaster and resource extraction reflect land interactions. Contemporary themes of food security, conflict, and conservation are interlinked in arid environments. This book unifies desert science, arid environments, and dryland development. The chapters identify land dynamics, address system risks and delineate human functions through original research in arid zones. Mixed methodologies highlight the vital links between social and environmental science in global deserts. The book engages with today's topical themes and presents novel analyses of arid land systems and societies.

Keywords

regeneration --- drylands --- invasive vine --- riparian ecosystems --- Kazakhstan --- Mongolian grassland --- human health --- charisma --- water rights --- political ecology --- the Hovmoller diagram --- Mongolia --- common-pool resource --- desertification --- afforestation --- continuous grazing --- arid area --- tamarind age --- land use change --- mountains of Central Asia --- soil carbon storage --- social movements --- case study of nomadic and settlement grazing system --- Afar --- protest --- social–ecological systems --- Central Asia --- Asian dust --- subarctic agriculture --- Jordan River Basin --- conservation --- protected areas --- water productivity --- national parks --- disturbance --- dryland --- increase of growing season --- Sanjiangyuan region --- policy implementation --- partnerships --- snow index --- global carbon balance --- dust storm emission --- Jordan --- One Belt --- local farming --- decoupling --- water security --- environmental impacts --- groundwater --- Kashgar Region --- Gobi --- Palestine --- degrading --- property rights --- One Road --- aerodynamic roughness --- Israel --- desert --- fodder demand --- spatial migration model --- vegetation survey --- agricultural water intensity --- dry lake beds --- LUCC --- communal rangelands --- subversive clientelism --- Tibetan Plateau --- ecotone --- river basin development --- livestock --- environmental justice --- computational fluid dynamics --- Japan --- remote sensing --- climate hazard --- mining --- Chobe --- modelling --- sustainable livelihoods --- water --- pastoralism --- environmental regime shift --- erosion --- institutional change --- Gobi desert of Mongolia --- Cuchillas de la Zarca --- non-linear change --- Ethiopia --- cross correlation analysis --- farming at its limits --- absence --- New Silk Road --- drag partition --- cellular automata --- agriculture --- China --- SPOT VGT --- grass height --- co-management --- Belt and Road Initiative --- wind erosion modelling --- Kyrgyzstan --- KAZA --- dust storm outbreak --- coverage --- desert reclamation --- nomadic pastoralism --- fodder supply --- soil quality index --- vegetation response to precipitation --- driving forces --- grassland degradation --- environment --- Nyangatom --- rotational grazing --- drought --- Asia --- infrastructure --- Southern Africa --- Gobi Desert region --- Sonoran desert --- South Omo --- arid region --- land cover/land use --- drip irrigation --- risk --- air temperature increase --- the Shiyang River Basin --- forest resources --- landscape --- ecosystem services --- Greenland --- economic valuation


Book
Fixing the climate : strategies for an uncertain world
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9780691224558 0691224544 9780691224541 Year: 2022 Publisher: Princeton, New Jersey : Princeton University Press,

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A compelling argument for solving the global climate crisis through local partnerships and experimentationGlobal climate diplomacy—from the Kyoto Protocol to the Paris Agreement—is not working. Despite decades of sustained negotiations by world leaders, the climate crisis continues to worsen. The solution is within our grasp—but we will not achieve it through top-down global treaties or grand bargains among nations.Charles Sabel and David Victor explain why the profound transformations needed for deep cuts in emissions must arise locally, with government and business working together to experiment with new technologies, quickly learn the best solutions, and spread that information globally. Sabel and Victor show how some of the most iconic successes in environmental policy were products of this experimentalist approach to problem solving, such as the Montreal Protocol on the ozone layer, the rise of electric vehicles, and Europe’s success in controlling water pollution. They argue that the Paris Agreement is at best an umbrella under which local experimentation can push the technological frontier and help societies around the world learn how to deploy the technologies and policies needed to tackle this daunting global problem.A visionary book that fundamentally reorients our thinking about the climate crisis, Fixing the Climate is a road map to institutional design that can finally lead to self-sustaining reductions in emissions that years of global diplomacy have failed to deliver. "Solving the global climate crisis through local partnerships and experimentation Global climate diplomacy--from the Kyoto Protocol to the Paris Agreement--is not working. Despite decades of sustained negotiations by world leaders, the climate crisis continues to worsen. The solution is within our grasp--but we will not achieve it through top-down global treaties or grand bargains among nations. Charles Sabel and David Victor explain why the profound transformations needed for deep cuts in emissions must arise locally, with government and business working together to experiment with new technologies, quickly learn the best solutions, and spread that information globally. Sabel and Victor show how some of the most iconic successes in environmental policy were products of this experimentalist approach to problem solving, such as the Montreal Protocol on the ozone layer, the rise of electric vehicles, and Europe's success in controlling water pollution. They argue that the Paris Agreement is at best an umbrella under which local experimentation can push the technological frontier and help societies around the world learn how to deploy the technologies and policies needed to tackle this daunting global problem. A visionary book that fundamentally reorients our thinking about the climate crisis, Fixing the Climate is a road map to institutional design that can finally lead to self-sustaining reductions in emissions that years of global diplomacy have failed to deliver." -- Publisher

Keywords

Environmental policy --- Climatic changes --- environmental policy. --- climate change. --- international cooperation. --- pollution control measures. --- environmental impact. --- environmental protection. --- Kyoto Protocol. --- Il-Protokoll ta' Kyoto --- Protocole de Kyoto --- Kjótsky protokol --- Kyotski protokol --- Kioton pöytäkirja --- Protocolo de Quioto --- Protokolli i Kiotos --- Протокол од Кјото --- Kjótský protokol --- Prótacal Kyoto --- Kioto protokols --- Protocol van Kyoto --- Kyoto Protocol --- Kyoto protokoll --- Kyotoprotokollen --- πρωτόκολλο του Κυότο --- Protocolul de la Kyoto --- Kiotói Jegyzőkönyv --- Protocolo de Kyoto --- Kioto protokolas --- Протокол от Киото --- Kyotoprotokollet --- Protocollo di Kyoto --- Kjotski protokol --- protokół z Kioto --- Protocol van Kyoto bij het Raamverdrag van de Verenigde Naties inzake klimaatverandering --- Kjotski protokol k Okvirni konvenciji Združenih narodov o spremembi podnebja --- Kyotoprotokollet till Förenta nationernas ramkonvention om klimatförändringar --- Protocolo de Quioto à Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre as Alterações Climáticas --- Kyotoprotokollet till FN:s klimatkonvention --- Kjótský protokol k Rámcové úmluvě Organizace spojených národů o změně klimatu --- Kiotói Jegyzőkönyv az Egyesült Nemzetek Éghajlat-változási Keretegyezményéhez --- Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change --- Protocolul de la Kyoto la Convenţia-cadru a Organizaţiei Naţiunilor Unite asupra schimbărilor climatice --- Protokol iz Kyota --- Kyotoprotokollen til De Forenede Nationers rammekonvention om klimaændringer --- Kjótsky protokol k Rámcovému dohovoru Organizácie Spojených národov o zmene klímy --- Protocollo di Kyoto alla convenzione quadro delle Nazioni Unite sui cambiamenti climatici --- πρωτόκολλο του Κιότο στη Σύμβαση-πλαίσιο των Ηνωμένων Εθνών για την αλλαγή του κλίματος --- Protokolli i Kiotos i Konventës Kuadër të Kombeve të Bashkuara për Ndryshimin e Klimës --- ilmastonmuutosta koskevan Yhdistyneiden Kansakuntien puitesopimuksen Kioton pöytäkirja --- Protokoll ta' Kjoto għall-Konvenzjoni Qafas tan-Nazzjonijiet Uniti dwar it-Tibdil fil-Klima --- Prótacal Kiótó a ghabhann le Coinbhinsiún Creatlaí na Náisiún Aontaithe ar an Athrú Aeráide --- ÜRO kliimamuutuste raamkonventsiooni Kyoto protokoll --- Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācijas Vispārējās konvencijas par klimata pārmaiņām Kioto protokols --- Jungtinių Tautų bendrosios klimato kaitos konvencijos Kioto protokolas --- Kyotoprotocol --- Protocole de Kyoto à la Convention-cadre des Nations unies sur les changements climatiques --- protokół z Kioto do Ramowej konwencji Narodów Zjednoczonych w sprawie zmian klimatu --- Protokoll von Kyoto zum Rahmenübereinkommen der Vereinten Nationen über Klimaänderungen --- Protocolo de Kyoto a la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático --- ochrona środowiska --- προστασία του περιβάλλοντος --- keskkonnakaitse --- varstvo okolja --- protección del medio ambiente --- опазване на околната среда --- ympäristönsuojelu --- miljöskydd --- protecția mediului înconjurător --- vides aizsardzība --- mbrojtje e mjedisit --- cosaint an chomhshaoil --- Umweltschutz --- környezetvédelem --- protection de l'environnement --- milieubescherming --- aplinkos apsauga --- miljøbeskyttelse --- заштита на животната средина --- zaštita okoliša --- ochrana životného prostredia --- protezione dell'ambiente --- заштита животне средине --- proteção do ambiente --- protezzjoni ambjentali --- ochrana životního prostředí --- keskkonna säilitamine --- sauvegarde de l'environnement --- Naturschutz --- ochrana prírody --- protezione del patrimonio ambientale --- protecção do ambiente --- dabas aizsardzība --- konservim i natyrës --- proteção da natureza --- miljøbevarelse --- protection of nature --- protection de la nature --- očuvanje okoliša --- protección de la naturaleza --- tutela dell'ambiente --- a természeti környezet megőrzése --- naturskydd --- gamtosauga --- еколог --- заштита на природата --- conservation de la nature --- ruajtje e mjedisit --- natuurbehoud --- salvaguarda do ambiente --- gamtos apsauga --- miljövård --- διατήρηση του φυσικού περιβάλλοντος --- διαφύλαξη του περιβάλλοντος --- looduskaitse --- nature protection --- conservación del medio ambiente --- медиуми на животната средина --- a természet megőrzése --- προστασία της φύσης --- zachování životního prostředí --- luonnonsuojelu --- conservación de la naturaleza --- aplinkosauga --- természetmegőrzés --- conservation of nature --- protecția naturii --- екологист --- conservarea naturii --- vides saglabāšana --- természetvédelem --- bevarande av natur --- naturbeskyttelse --- Erhaltung der Natur --- preservation of the environment --- salvaguardia dell'ambiente --- ochrana/zachovanie prírody --- mbrojtje e natyrës --- conservação da natureza --- protezione della natura --- ochrana/zachovanie životného prostredia --- difesa dell'ambiente --- beskyttelse af naturen --- tutela ambientale ed ecologica --- zaštita prirode --- заштита околине --- naturvård --- dabas saglabāšana --- natuurbescherming --- Erhaltung der Umwelt --- difesa della natura --- prírodná ochrana --- udržení životního prostředí --- protezione ambientale --- zachování přírody --- ochrana přírody --- tutela del patrimonio naturale --- behoud van het milieu --- vliv na životní prostředí --- invloed op het milieu --- impatt ambjentali --- tionchar ar an gcomhshaol --- επίπτωση στο περιβάλλον --- влијание врз животната средина --- ndikim në mjedis --- vpliv na okolje --- impact sur l'environnement --- impacto ambiental --- ympäristövaikutus --- ietekme uz vidi --- környezeti hatás --- poveikis aplinkai --- utjecaj na okoliš --- miljöpåverkan --- impatto ambientale --- impact asupra mediului --- Auswirkung auf die Umwelt --- miljøindvirkning --- keskkonnamõju --- wpływ na środowisko --- ekologický dosah --- въздействие на околната среда --- утицај на животну средину --- balanço ecológico --- miljöavtryck --- ekoloģiskais novērtējums --- ekobalancë --- ecobalanço --- effetti sull'ambiente --- vides pēdas nospiedums --- keskkonnajalajälg --- mer --- miljökonsekvensbeskrivning --- ślad środowiskowy --- aplinkosauginis pėdsakas --- miljøopgørelse --- vlerësim ekologjik --- ekološka procjena --- huella ambiental --- miljøvurdering --- balance ecológico --- efect ambiental --- effet environnemental --- περιβαλλοντικό αποτύπωμα --- milieueffect --- vides novērtējums --- Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung --- еколошки ефект --- miljøvirkning --- ökológiai mérleg --- écobilan --- milieuvoetafdruk --- ecological assessment --- efecto sobre el medio ambiente --- environmental assessment --- impronta ambientale --- vides ietekmēšana --- környezetihatás-tanulmány --- avaliação ambiental --- Verträglichkeitsprüfung --- ökológiai vizsgálat --- ekologinis balansas --- impronta ambjentali --- indvirkning på miljøet --- miljøbelastning --- bilanț ecologic --- effect on the environment --- conséquence sur l'environnement --- environmental footprint --- environmentálna stopa --- ecologische balans --- evaluare ecologică --- bilan écologique --- milieueffectrapport --- conséquence environnementale --- effekt på miljön --- Umweltwirkung --- efekt mjedisor --- miljöanalys --- еколошко влијание --- ympäristöarvio --- συνέπεια στο περιβάλλον --- mõju keskkonnale --- miljøaftryk --- effet sur l'environnement --- evaluación medioambiental --- valutazione dell'impatto ambientale --- επίδραση στο περιβάλλον --- Umweltimpakt --- bilancio ecologico --- оценка на влијанието врз животната средина --- environmental effect --- ekoloģiskā bilance --- ekologinis įvertinimas --- tionchar comhshaoil --- amprentă de mediu --- ökologische Bilanz --- efekti mbi mjedis --- οικολογικός ισολογισμός --- отпечатък върху околната среда --- okoljski odtis --- miljöbedömning --- ecobilancio --- empreinte environnementale --- eco-balance --- incidence environnementale --- lorg comhshaoil --- vaikutus ympäristöön --- environmentálny vplyv --- effett ambjentali --- incidence sur l'environnement --- efect asupra mediului --- konsekvenser for miljøet --- efeito no meio ambiente --- ekotase --- keskkonnamõju hindamine --- ympäristöjalanjälki --- Impaktstudie --- EIA --- virkning på miljøet --- vplyv na životné prostredie --- environmentální stopa --- Umweltbilanz --- ecobalance --- környezeti lábnyom --- pasqyrë ekologjike --- hodnocení vlivů na životní prostředí --- miljøstatus --- inverkan på miljön --- Umweltimpaktstudie --- évaluation environnementale --- ekologický vliv --- pegada ambiental --- evaluare de mediu --- aplinkos įvertinimas --- ecological balance sheet --- környezetihatás-vizsgálat --- keskkonnahinnang --- ekobilance --- ekologinen tase --- περιβαλλοντική αξιολόγηση --- vlerësim mjedisor --- ökotasakaal --- UVP --- Ökobilanz --- мерки за контрола на загадувањето --- контрол по замърсяване на околната среда --- măsuri pentru controlul poluării --- мере за контролу загађености --- masat e kontrollit të ndotjes --- mjere za kontrolu onečišćenja --- környezetszennyezés elleni küzdelem --- forureningsbekæmpelse --- saastetõrjemeede --- föroreningsbekämpning --- bearta rialaithe truaillithe --- walka z zanieczyszczeniem --- piesārņojuma kontroles pasākumi --- taršos kontrolės priemonės --- bestrijding van de verontreiniging --- opatrenia na kontrolu znečistenia --- luta contra a poluição --- lutte contre la pollution --- καταπολέμηση της ρύπανσης --- lucha contra la contaminación --- Bekämpfung der Umweltbelastungen --- miżuri ta' kontroll tat-tniġġis --- opatření na kontrolu znečištění --- lotta contro l'inquinamento --- ympäristöhaittojen torjunta --- ukrepi proti onesnaževanju --- szennyezés csökkentése --- snižování znečištění --- mjere za kontrolu zagađenja --- reduction of pollution --- forureningsbegrænsning --- taršos mažinimas --- vermindering van de milieuverontreiniging --- riduzione dell'inquinamento da polvere --- kova su tarša --- smanjenje onečićenja --- opatření na kontrolu škodlivin --- bekämpning av nedsmutsning --- monitorování znečištění --- мерки за намалување на загадувањето --- reducerea poluării --- μείωση της ρύπανσης --- ulje e ndotjes --- reostuse vähendamine --- opatření na kontrolu emisí --- poluição do litoral --- Verringerung der Umweltbelastungen --- piesārņojuma samazināšana --- környezetterhelés elleni küzdelem --- saastuttamisen vähentäminen --- redução da poluição --- minskning av förorening --- réduction de la pollution --- Schadstoffbekämpfung --- Bekämpfung der Umweltverschmutzung --- combate à poluição --- reostustõrjemeede --- környezetterhelés --- zníženie znečistenia --- riduzione dell'inquinamento --- reducción de la contaminación --- szennyezés elleni küzdelem --- měření znečištění --- rahvusvaheline koostöö --- меѓународна соработка --- nemzetközi együttműködés --- współpraca międzynarodowa --- cooperazione internazionale --- coopération internationale --- internationale Zusammenarbeit --- cooperare internațională --- internationale samenwerking --- medzinárodná spolupráca --- tarptautinis bendradarbiavimas --- kansainvälinen yhteistyö --- cooperação internacional --- международно сътрудничество --- internationellt samarbete --- bashkëpunim ndërkombëtar --- међународна сарадња --- mezinárodní spolupráce --- mednarodno sodelovanje --- internationalt samarbejde --- διεθνής συνεργασία --- međunarodna suradnja --- kooperazzjoni internazzjonali --- starptautiskā sadarbība --- cooperación internacional --- comhar idirnáisiúnta --- mezinárodní kooperace --- интернационална соработка --- internacionální kooperace --- spolupráce na mezinárodní úrovni --- internacionální spolupráce --- kaimiņvalstu sadarbība --- cambio climático --- klimatska promjena --- tibdil fil-klima --- промена климе --- klimatförändring --- alteração climática --- kliimamuutus --- sprememba podnebja --- климатска промена --- zmiany klimatyczne --- changement climatique --- промяна на климата --- cambiamento climatico --- schimbare climatică --- ndryshim klimaterik --- změna klimatu --- klimata maiņa --- éghajlatváltozás --- zmena podnebia --- klimato kaita --- athrú aeráide --- klimaatsverandering --- Klimaveränderung --- ilmastonmuutos --- klimaændring --- κλιματική αλλαγή --- az éghajlat változása --- modificación del clima --- klimatiskā izmaiņa --- промена на климата --- klimatická změna --- klimatická zmena --- climatic change --- schimbări climatice --- aplinkos politika --- vides politika --- milieubeleid --- Umweltpolitik --- keskkonnapoliitika --- política do ambiente --- екологична политика --- okoljska politika --- polityka ochrony środowiska --- politika ambjentali --- политика заштите животне средине --- politica mediului înconjurător --- politika životného prostredia --- környezetvédelmi politika --- miljöpolitik --- politique de l'environnement --- politika okoliša --- politica ambientale --- política de medio ambiente --- politikë mjedisore --- miljøpolitik --- beartas comhshaoil --- περιβαλλοντική πολιτική --- политика за животна средина --- ympäristöpolitiikka --- environmentální politika --- miljøstyring --- starostlivosť o životné prostredie --- gestion de l'environnement --- política medioambiental --- gestione dell'ambiente --- política ambiental --- ochrana a tvorba životního prostředí --- upravljanje okolišem --- politica dell'ambiente --- menaxhim mjedisor --- ympäristöjohtaminen --- vides apsaimniekošana --- környezetpolitika --- miljöförvaltning --- Umweltpflege --- διαχείριση του περιβάλλοντος --- gospodarenje okolišem --- managementul mediului --- környezetgazdálkodás --- a környezet gondozása --- politika ochrany životního prostředí --- keskkonnajuhtimine --- politika na ochranu životního prostředí --- péče o životní prostředí --- gestión del medio ambiente --- politica in materia di ambiente --- environmental management --- aplinkos valdymas --- Umweltschutzpolitik --- gestão do ambiente --- milieubeheer --- International cooperation. --- ARPA-E. --- Abatement Cost. --- Acid rain. --- Activism. --- Air pollution. --- Availability. --- Beyond the Limits. --- Business ethics. --- Carburetor. --- Cargo ship. --- Cattle. --- Cess. --- Civil aviation. --- Clean Air Act (United States). --- Clean Development Mechanism. --- Climate Change Agreement. --- Climate change. --- Collaboration. --- Collective action. --- Common-pool resource. --- Comparative advantage. --- Creative accounting. --- Curtailment. --- Customer. --- Cyber-attack. --- Decision-making. --- Deforestation. --- Deliberation. --- Developed country. --- Dynamic efficiency. --- Economic efficiency. --- Economic power. --- Electricity generation. --- Electricity. --- Emerging technologies. --- Emissions trading. --- Energy technology. --- Environmental issue. --- Environmental law. --- Environmentalism. --- Experiment. --- Externality. --- Fertilizer. --- Fraud. --- Funding. --- Global politics. --- Globalization. --- Governance. --- Granularity. --- Guarantee. --- Hydrogen vehicle. --- Implementation. --- Impossibility. --- Incentive. --- Income. --- Industrial policy. --- Informality. --- Information asymmetry. --- Innovation. --- Inspection. --- Institution. --- Interconnection. --- Interest. --- International Maritime Organization. --- Land Registry (United Kingdom). --- Member state. --- Military dictatorship. --- Montreal Protocol. --- National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program. --- Ownership. --- Ozone depletion. --- Pasture. --- Patent. --- Pollutant. --- Pollution. --- Procurement. --- Protectionism. --- Quality assurance. --- Quantity. --- Regulation. --- Renewable resource. --- Requirement. --- Scrubber. --- Second source. --- Skepticism. --- Slowdown. --- Supply chain. --- Sustainability. --- Technocracy. --- Technology. --- The Way Forward. --- Top-down and bottom-up design. --- Trade barrier. --- Treaty. --- Uncertainty. --- United Nations Environment Programme. --- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. --- Vehicle. --- World Trade Organization. --- ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY--INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION --- CLIMATIC CHANGES--INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

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