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Dissertation
Contribution à la mise au point d'un protocole de production d'haploïdes doublés par androgenèse chez le blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
Year: 2017 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Abstract

La production de plantes haploïdes doublées (HD) permet aux sélectionneurs végétaux d’obtenir des lignées complètement homozygotes en une seule génération. Le laboratoire de culture in vitro de l’Institut de Genech est spécialisé dans la production de plantes HD chez plusieurs espèces. Chez le blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L.), ce laboratoire utilise en routine le croisement intergénérique avec le maïs pour produire des HD. Toutefois l’entreprise souhaiterait se pencher vers une méthode utilisant l’androgenèse : la culture d’anthères. En effet, cette technique permettrait de ne plus devoir gérer une culture de maïs et un doublement chromosomique spontané est possible via cette méthode. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cette étude est d’explorer différentes pistes afin de mettre en place un protocole de culture d’anthères de blé tendre. Quatre expérimentations ont été effectuées sur des plantes mères de serre. Une première expérience a comparé deux types de prétraitement : un choc à 4°C pendant deux semaines appliqué sur l’épi et un choc à 1.0M mannitol pendant quatre jours à 20°C sur les anthères. Les deux méthodes ont obtenu une réponse androgénique similaire. Ensuite, les trois autres expérimentations ciblaient la composition du milieu d’induction. Une comparaison entre un milieu semi-liquide, W14mf, et un milieu solide, C17 a tout d’abord été réalisée. Le milieu W14mf a produit en moyenne une plus grande quantité de structures embryonnaires (SE) et de plantes vertes (PV ; 37,32 SE/100 anthères (A) et 7,64 PV/100A) par rapport au milieu C17 (8,72 SE/100A et 2,24 PV/100A). De plus, l’utilisation du milieu W14mf pré-conditionné avec cinq ovaires a permis de tripler la production en SE alors que, de façon étonnante, aucune progression du nombre de PV n’a été notée. Enfin, un ajout de 25mg/L d’arabinogalactane non purifiée dans le milieu W14mf n’a pas eu d’impact sur la réponse androgénique des microspores. L’albinisme a constitué un obstacle majeur pour certaines expérimentations. Dans certains cas, plus de 95% des plantes régénérées étaient albinos. Le génotype des plantes mères est le principal facteur expliquant ce phénomène. Mais de nombreux facteurs externes, tels que les conditions physiologiques des plantes mères, ont également un impact sur l’albinisme. Dès lors, une expérimentation à petite échelle a été effectuée pour comparer la réponse androgénique d’anthères provenant de plantes mères du champ et mis en culture sans prétraitement avec celle d’anthères provenant de plante mères de serre et mis en culture après un prétraitement des épis durant 2 semaines à 4°C. Les plantes mères de champs ont produit significativement plus de PV (10,64 PV/100A) par rapport aux plantes mères de serre (4,22 PV/100A). En conclusion, l’ensemble de ces expériences nous a permis d’affirmer que l’avenir de la culture d’anthères pour la production d’HD est prometteur au sein du laboratoire de l’Institut de Genech. Néanmoins, il sera nécessaire de trouver des solutions pour restreindre au maximum les deux principales limites de la culture d’anthères : l’albinisme et la dépendance au génotype des plantes mères. The production of doubled haploid (DH) plants enables plant breeders to obtain completely homozygous lines in a single generation. The in vitro culture laboratory of Genech Institute is specialized in the production of DH plants on several species. In common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), this laboratory routinely uses the intergeneric cross with maize to produce DH. However, the company would like to look into a method which uses androgenesis: the anther culture. Indeed, this technique would eliminate the need to manage a maize culture and a spontaneous chromosomal doubling is possible via this method. In this context, the aim of this study was to explore different clues in order to implement an anther culture protocol on common wheat. Four experimentations have been carried out on mother plants coming from the greenhouse. A first experiment compared two types of pretreatment: a 4°C shock applied during two weeks on spike and a 1.0M mannitol shock during four days at 20°C on anthers. The two methods displayed a similar androgenic response. Then, the three other experimentations were focused on the composition of the induction medium. A comparison between a semi-liquid medium, W14mf, and a solid medium, C17, was firstly done. The W14mf medium produced in average more embryo-like structures (ELS) and green plants (GP; 37.32 ELS/100 anthers (A) and 7.64 GP/100A) than C17 medium (8.72 ELS/100A and 2.24 GP/100A). Moreover, the use of pre-conditioned W14mf medium with five ovaries helped to triple the production of ELS, whereas surprisingly, no increase in the number of GP was recorded. Lastly, an addition of 25 mg/L of non-purified arabinogalactan in the W14mf medium didn’t have an impact on the androgenic response of microspores. The albinism formed a major obstacle for some experiments. In some cases, more than 95% of the regenerated plants were albinos. The main factor explaining this phenomenon is the genotype of mother plants. But a lot of external factors, such as the physiological conditions of mother plants, have also an impact on albinism. Therefore, a small-scale experiment was undertaken to compare the androgenic response of anthers of mother plants originating from the field and in which no stress pretreatment was done, with mother plants coming from the greenhouse and in which a 4°C pretreatment was done on spikes during two weeks. The mother plants of the field produced significantly more GP (10.64 GP/100A) than mother plants of the greenhouse (4.22 PV/100). To conclude, this set of experimentations allowed us to reveal that the future of anther culture to generate DH seems promising within the laboratory of Genech Institute. Nevertheless, it will be necessary to find solutions to limit as much as possible the two main constraints of anther culture: the albinism and the dependence on mother plants genotype.


Book
Selected Papers from the 8th International Conference of Biotechnologies, Present and Perspectives
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI Books

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Abstract

The Special Issue reprint presents the latest developments in the food industry field, with a specific focus on the biotechnological processes that take place in various branches of the food industry, which have major implications in determining the overall quality of food products. This Special Issue capitalizes the experience of the authors in the latest advancements and future trends in biotechnologies from the food industry, applied engineering sciences, food product quality, food safety, environment protection, and equipment for the food industry.


Book
Selected Papers from the 8th International Conference of Biotechnologies, Present and Perspectives
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI Books

Loading...
Export citation

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Bookmark

Abstract

The Special Issue reprint presents the latest developments in the food industry field, with a specific focus on the biotechnological processes that take place in various branches of the food industry, which have major implications in determining the overall quality of food products. This Special Issue capitalizes the experience of the authors in the latest advancements and future trends in biotechnologies from the food industry, applied engineering sciences, food product quality, food safety, environment protection, and equipment for the food industry.


Book
Selected Papers from the 8th International Conference of Biotechnologies, Present and Perspectives
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI Books

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

The Special Issue reprint presents the latest developments in the food industry field, with a specific focus on the biotechnological processes that take place in various branches of the food industry, which have major implications in determining the overall quality of food products. This Special Issue capitalizes the experience of the authors in the latest advancements and future trends in biotechnologies from the food industry, applied engineering sciences, food product quality, food safety, environment protection, and equipment for the food industry.

Keywords

Research. --- Biology. --- common wheat --- vinification by-product --- texture --- dough rheology --- physico-chemical properties --- sorghum flour --- roasting --- proximate composition --- functional properties --- particle size --- FT-IR spectra --- amaranth flour --- bread characteristics --- wheat flour --- trans-resveratrol --- post-pruning storage --- total phenolic content --- antioxidant activity --- plant growth regulators --- plant properties --- biochemical compounds --- mineral compounds --- crop quality --- bakery margarine --- fatty acids --- fracturability --- color --- PCA --- vegetable ice cream --- dietary fibers --- sensorial properties --- rheological properties --- baby water --- potentially toxic elements --- health risk assessment --- water quality --- amaranth seed --- extraction --- polyphenols --- amino acids --- apple chips --- drying --- physico-chemical characteristics --- sensory analysis --- corn --- deoxynivalenol --- food --- fumonisins --- mycotoxins --- zearalenone --- hempseed oil --- bread --- dough --- textural properties --- common wheat --- vinification by-product --- texture --- dough rheology --- physico-chemical properties --- sorghum flour --- roasting --- proximate composition --- functional properties --- particle size --- FT-IR spectra --- amaranth flour --- bread characteristics --- wheat flour --- trans-resveratrol --- post-pruning storage --- total phenolic content --- antioxidant activity --- plant growth regulators --- plant properties --- biochemical compounds --- mineral compounds --- crop quality --- bakery margarine --- fatty acids --- fracturability --- color --- PCA --- vegetable ice cream --- dietary fibers --- sensorial properties --- rheological properties --- baby water --- potentially toxic elements --- health risk assessment --- water quality --- amaranth seed --- extraction --- polyphenols --- amino acids --- apple chips --- drying --- physico-chemical characteristics --- sensory analysis --- corn --- deoxynivalenol --- food --- fumonisins --- mycotoxins --- zearalenone --- hempseed oil --- bread --- dough --- textural properties

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