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Institués au sortir de la Première Guerre mondiale, les mandats de la Société des Nations illustrent les implications de l’arrivée des experts dans les Suds dès les années 1920. Ils constituent pour cette raison un angle d’attaque privilégié pour réfléchir aux liens entre expertise et colonisation comme aux dynamiques qui accompagnent les experts. S’ils ont été l’objet de discussions intenses, les mandats ne peuvent guère être considérés comme l’objet d’un champ d’expertise bien délimité avec ses méthodes uniformisées, son corps de savoirs systématisés et ses procédures formalisées de certification. Les discours institutionnels d’experts sur les mandats, divers et dénués de cohérence, dissimulaient souvent les modalités habituelles du gouvernement colonial. Cependant, les temps changeaient. La pluralité des cadres institutionnels où l’on discutait des mandats (Commission permanente des mandats, autres organes de la SDN) sapait le monopole supposé des États coloniaux sur la prise de décision informée. L’intérêt des organisations privées et caritatives était également d’importance, dans la mesure où certaines investirent massivement dans des projets exploratoires de développement à fort coefficient d’expertise. Ajoutées les unes aux autres, ces circonstances institutionnelles attiraient des experts potentiels vers les mandats, d’où l’on peut observer et les tensions d’empire qui marquaient l’ère coloniale finissante et les prémisses de politiques publiques fortement consommatrices d’expertise qui se diffusent dans les Suds après 1945. Expertise in the colonial world can be characterized, more perhaps than in any other context, by the tension between abstract knowledge and acquaintance with the field as inspirations for decision making. The League of Nations mandates instituted after World War I should not be understood as a laboratory of expertise in the colonial world, but as an early instance of the implications of bringing experts to the global South. Not only…

History --- International Relations --- mandats --- experts --- empire colonial --- Société des Nations --- expertise --- développement --- Sud --- Mandates --- Experts --- Colonial Empire --- League of Nations --- Expertise --- Development --- South --- League of Nations.

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In Search of Our Frontier explores the complex transnational history of Japanese immigrant settler colonialism, which linked Japanese America with Japan's colonial empire through the exchange of migrant bodies, expansionist ideas, colonial expertise, and capital in the Asia-Pacific basin before World War II. The trajectories of Japanese transpacific migrants exemplified a prevalent national structure of thought and practice that not only functioned to shore up the backbone of Japan's empire building but also promoted the borderless quest for Japanese overseas development. Eiichiro Azuma offers new interpretive perspectives that will allow readers to understand Japanese settler colonialism's capacity to operate outside the aegis of the home empire.

Japanese --- Imperialism --- Transnationalism --- History --- Japan --- Colonies --- History. --- Imperialism. --- Transnationalism. --- backbone of japans empire building. --- borderless quest for japanese overseas development. --- capital in asian pacific basin. --- colonial expertise. --- expansionist ideas. --- japanese america with japans colonial empire. --- japanese immigrant settler colonialism. --- japanese migration and colonialism. --- migrant bodies. --- trajectories of japanese transpacific migrants. --- understand japanese settler colonialism.

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In this innovative book, Keith Watenpaugh connects the question of modernity to the formation of the Arab middle class. The book explores the rise of a middle class of liberal professionals, white-collar employees, journalists, and businessmen during the first decades of the twentieth century in the Arab Middle East and the ways its members created civil society, and new forms of politics, bodies of thought, and styles of engagement with colonialism. Discussions of the middle class have been largely absent from historical writings about the Middle East. Watenpaugh fills this lacuna by drawing on Arab, Ottoman, British, American and French sources and an eclectic body of theoretical literature and shows that within the crucible of the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, World War I, and the advent of late European colonialism, a discrete middle class took shape. It was defined not just by the wealth, professions, possessions, or the levels of education of its members, but also by the way they asserted their modernity. Using the ethnically and religiously diverse middle class of the cosmopolitan city of Aleppo, Syria, as a point of departure, Watenpaugh explores the larger political and social implications of what being modern meant in the non-West in the first half of the twentieth century. Well researched and provocative, Being Modern in the Middle East makes a critical contribution not just to Middle East history, but also to the global study of class, mass violence, ideas, and revolution.

Arab nationalism. --- Civil society --- Middle class --- Revolutions. --- Social conflict --- Arabs --- Nationalism --- Bourgeoisie --- Commons (Social order) --- Middle classes --- Social classes --- Insurrections --- Rebellions --- Revolts --- Revolutionary wars --- History --- Political science --- Political violence --- War --- Government, Resistance to --- Class conflict --- Class struggle --- Conflict, Social --- Social tensions --- Interpersonal conflict --- Social psychology --- Sociology --- Social conditions --- Middle Eastern 1 : --- General & Multiperiod. --- Politics and government --- Middle East --- Politics and government. --- Agriculture (Chinese mythology). --- Al-Jabiri. --- Aleppo. --- Arabs. --- Armenians. --- Armistice. --- Bilad al-Sham. --- Bourgeoisie. --- Bureaucrat. --- Censorship. --- Cilicia. --- Citizenship. --- Civil society. --- Civilization. --- Class conflict. --- Colonialism. --- Communal violence. --- Criticism. --- Disenchantment. --- Eastern Mediterranean. --- Effendi. --- Election. --- Emancipation. --- Emigration. --- Ethnic cleansing. --- Exclusion. --- Fawaz. --- French Colonial. --- French colonial empire. --- Gaziantep. --- Governance. --- Hashemites. --- Hegemony. --- High Commissioner. --- Historicism. --- Historiography. --- Ibrahim Hananu. --- Ideology. --- Imperialism. --- Institution. --- Interwar period. --- Islamism. --- Jews. --- Journalism. --- Kamil. --- Kemalism. --- League of Nations. --- Lecture. --- Legitimacy (political). --- Liberalism. --- Literature. --- Middle East. --- Middle class. --- Military occupation. --- Modernity. --- National identity. --- Nationalism. --- New men. --- Newspaper. --- Of Education. --- Oral history. --- Ottoman Empire. --- Ottomanism. --- Pan-Arabism. --- Political party. --- Political philosophy. --- Political structure. --- Politician. --- Politics. --- Politique. --- Precedent. --- Princeton University Press. --- Public opinion. --- Public sphere. --- Refugee. --- Rhetoric. --- Sectarianism. --- Secularism. --- Separatism. --- Social class. --- Social exclusion. --- Sovereignty. --- State of Syria (1924–30). --- Sykes–Picot Agreement. --- Syrian nationalism. --- Syrians. --- Tanzimat. --- Tax. --- Technology. --- War crime. --- Wealth. --- Western Europe. --- Western world. --- Westernization. --- Wilsonianism. --- World War I. --- Writing. --- Young Turk Revolution. --- Zionism.