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The comparison of sound sequences (words, morphemes) constitutes the core of many techniques and methods in historical linguistics. With the help of these techniques, corresponding sounds can be determined, historically related words can be identified, and the history of languages can be uncovered. So far, the application of traditional techniques for sequence comparison is very tedious and time-consuming, since scholars have to apply them manually, without computational support. In this study, algorithms from bioinformatics are used to develop computational methods for sequence comparison in historical linguistics. The new methods automatize several steps of the traditional comparative method and can thus help to ease the painstaking work of language comparison. Dissertations in Language and Cognition This series explores issues of mental representation, linguistic structure and representation, and their interplay. The research presented in this series is grounded in the idea explored in the Collaborative Research Center 'The structure of representations in language, cognition and science' (SFB 991) that there is a universal format for the representation of linguistic and cognitive concepts.

LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / General. --- Alignment Analyses. --- Automatic Cognate Detection. --- Automatic Cognates Detection. --- Basic Algorithm. --- Collaborative Research Center. --- Continuous Entities. --- Definition of Sequences. --- Differences between Sequences. --- Discrete Entities. --- Gerhard Schurz. --- Hana Filip. --- Heinrich-Heine-Universität. --- Historical Linguistics. --- Laura Kallmeyer. --- LexStat. --- Lexical Change. --- Modelling Sequence Differences. --- Multilingual Cognate Detection. --- Multiple Alignment Analyses. --- Pairwise Alignment Analyses. --- Peter Indefrey. --- Phonetic Alignment. --- Progressive Alignment. --- Relations between Languages. --- Relations between Words. --- Resemblances in Form. --- Resemblances in Meaning. --- Robert D. Van Valin. --- SCA. --- SFB 991. --- Sebastian Löbner. --- Semantic Change. --- Sequence Comparison. --- Sequence Modelling. --- Sound Change. --- Sound-Class Based Phonetic Alignment. --- Structural Extensions. --- Substantial Extensions. --- The structure of representations in language, cognition and science.

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The aim of this book is to investigate how definiteness is expressed in Polish, a language which is claimed to have no definite and in-definite articles. The central question is how the difference in definiteness is indicated between 'a woman' and 'the woman' in Polish. In English, the definite article 'the' and the indefinite article 'a' express the category of definiteness explicitly. Since definiteness is also relevant in articleless languages, there are other means to indicate that a nominal phrase is definite or indefinite. This study is delimited to four means for expressing definiteness in Polish, which are demonstratives, aspect, case alternation, and information structure. Each strategy is investigated independently from the others, although they interact in a complex way, which is shown at the end of this book resulting in a decision tree. Polish is not investigated in isolation, however, the study is complemented by comparisons with other Slavic languages and also with a Polish dialect called 'Upper Silesian', which differs from Polish. The analysis in this book is based on Löbner's theory of 'Concept Types and Determination' (CTD). Löbner's distinction of the four concept types (sortal, relational, functional, individual) is crucial since definiteness phenomena under discussion can be explained. Therefore, the interaction of the four concept types with the four definiteness strategies plays a central role in this book. This series explores issues of mental representation, linguistic structure and representation, and their interplay. The research presented in this series is grounded in the idea explored in the Collaborative Research Center 'The structure of representations in language, cognition and science' (SFB 991) that there is a universal format for the representation of linguistic and cognitive concepts.

LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / General. --- Collaborative Research Center. --- Concept Types and Determination. --- Die Struktur von Repräsentationen in Sprache, Kognition und Wissenschaft. --- English. --- Filip's approach. --- Gerhard Schurz. --- German. --- Hana Filip. --- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf. --- Lambrecht. --- Laura Kallmeyer. --- Löbner's approach to definiteness. --- Mathesius. --- Peter Indefrey. --- Polish case system. --- Polish determiners. --- Polish. --- Robert D. Van Valin, Jr. --- SFB 991. --- Sebastian Löbner. --- Slavistic literature. --- Sonderforschungsbereich 991. --- The structure of representations in language, cognition and science. --- Thetic sentences. --- analysis of ten. --- anaphoric SNs. --- anaphors. --- articleless languages. --- aspectual composition. --- case alternation. --- category of definiteness. --- complex ICs. --- concept type. --- concept types. --- count distinction. --- definite article. --- definiteness condition. --- definiteness strategies. --- definiteness. --- deictic SNs. --- demonstrative. --- differential object marking. --- equation of definiteness. --- familiarity. --- fluid case alternation. --- functional concept type. --- grammaticalization. --- incremental theme verbs. --- indefinite article. --- individual concept type. --- information structure in Polish. --- information structure. --- inherent relationality. --- inherent uniqueness. --- lexical FNs. --- lexical INs. --- mass distinction. --- nominal phrase. --- non-incremental theme verbs. --- paradigm of ten. --- part-whole DAAs. --- pragmatic uniqueness. --- relational DAAs. --- relational concept type. --- scale of uniqueness. --- semantic. --- situational DAAs. --- slavic comparison. --- sortal concept type. --- studies on demonstratives in Polish. --- topic-focus structure. --- uniqueness. --- upper Silesian tyn. --- upper Silesian. --- word order.