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Enterobacteriaceae --- Enterobacteriaceae. --- Bacteriologie --- Microbiologie : enterobacteriaceae --- Bacterien --- Coliform bacilli --- Coliform bacteria --- Coliforms --- Colon bacilli --- Enteric bacilli --- Enteric bacteria --- Enterics (Bacteria) --- Enterobacteria --- Fecal coliform bacteria --- Fecal coliforms --- Gram-negative bacteria

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Diagnostic microbiology --- Enterobacteriaceae --- Bacteriological Techniques --- Enterobacteriaceae. --- Clinical microbiology --- Microbiology, Clinical --- Microbiology, Diagnostic --- Diagnosis, Laboratory --- Medical microbiology --- Communicable diseases --- Pathogenic microorganisms --- Serology --- Coliform Bacilli --- Enterobacteria --- Ewingella --- Leclercia --- Paracolobactrum --- Sodalis --- Bacteriologic Technic --- Bacteriologic Technics --- Bacteriologic Techniques --- Bacteriological Technique --- Technic, Bacteriological --- Technics, Bacteriological --- Technique, Bacteriological --- Techniques, Bacteriological --- Bacteriologic Technique --- Bacteriological Technic --- Bacteriological Technics --- Technic, Bacteriologic --- Technics, Bacteriologic --- Technique, Bacteriologic --- Techniques, Bacteriologic --- Bacteriology --- Coliform bacilli --- Coliform bacteria --- Coliforms --- Colon bacilli --- Enteric bacilli --- Enteric bacteria --- Enterics (Bacteria) --- Fecal coliform bacteria --- Fecal coliforms --- Gram-negative bacteria --- Identification --- Diagnosis --- methods --- General microbiology

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R. Fuller 1.1 DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIAL PREPARATIONS The history of the probiotic effect has been well documented many times previously (see e.g. Bibel, 1982; Fuller, 1992). The consumption of fermented milks dates from pre-biblical times but the probiotic concept was born at the end of the last century with the work of Metchnikoff at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. In the century that has elapsed since Metchnikoff's work, the probiotic concept has been accepted by scientists and consumers throughout the world. Attempts to refine the practice from the use of traditional soured milks to preparations containing specific micro­ organisms have occupied the thoughts and endeavours of scientists in many different countries. But, in spite of the large amount of effort expended in attempting to explain and define the effect, it has to be admitted that little is known of the way in which probiotics operate. There are likely to be several different mechanisms because it seems highly improbable that a mode of action that explains resistance to microbial infection will also hold true for improved milk production or alleviation of lactose malabsorption.

Intestines --- Enterobacteriaceae. --- Microorganisms --- Intestins --- Micro-organismes --- Microbiology. --- Therapeutic use. --- Microbiologie --- Emploi en thérapeutique --- Emploi en thérapeutique --- Animal anatomy. --- Nutrition   . --- Animal Anatomy / Morphology / Histology. --- Nutrition. --- Alimentation --- Food --- Nutrition --- Health --- Physiology --- Diet --- Dietetics --- Digestion --- Food habits --- Malnutrition --- Animal anatomy --- Animals --- Biology --- Health aspects --- Anatomy --- Probiotics. --- Coliform bacilli --- Coliform bacteria --- Coliforms --- Colon bacilli --- Enteric bacilli --- Enteric bacteria --- Enterics (Bacteria) --- Enterobacteria --- Fecal coliform bacteria --- Fecal coliforms --- Gram-negative bacteria --- Probiotic supplements --- Dietary supplements --- Gastrointestinal system --- Germs --- Micro-organisms --- Microbes --- Microscopic organisms --- Organisms --- Microbiology --- Bacteriology

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Enterobacteriaceae --- Watershed ecology --- Escherichia coli --- Salmonella --- Enterobacteriaceae. --- Escherichia coli. --- Salmonella. --- Watershed ecology. --- Middle Atlantic States. --- United States. --- Ecology --- Salmonellae --- Salmonellas --- E. coli (Bacterium) --- Escherichia --- Coliform bacilli --- Coliform bacteria --- Coliforms --- Colon bacilli --- Enteric bacilli --- Enteric bacteria --- Enterics (Bacteria) --- Enterobacteria --- Fecal coliform bacteria --- Fecal coliforms --- Gram-negative bacteria --- ABŞ --- ABSh --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- America (Republic) --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- Amerika (Republic) --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi͡avks Shtattnė --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Amirika Carékat --- AQSh --- Ar. ha-B. --- Arhab --- Artsot ha-Berit --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Bí-kok --- Ē.P.A. --- É.-U. --- EE.UU. --- Egyesült Államok --- ĒPA --- Estados Unidos --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- Estados Unidos de América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- ÉU --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- Forente stater --- FS --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Istadus Unidus --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Mei guo --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mî-koet --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miguk --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- S.U.A. --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- SASht --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Si͡evero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si͡evernoĭ Ameriki --- Spojené obce severoamerické --- Spojené staty americké --- SShA --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Stany Zjednoczone --- Stati Uniti --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Stâts Unîts --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- SUA --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- U.S. --- U.S.A. --- United States of America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- US --- USA --- Usono --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- Verenigde Staten --- VS --- VSA --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Yhdysvallat --- Yunaeted Stet --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- Zʹi͡ednani Derz͡havy Ameryky --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Zluchanyi͡a Shtaty Ameryki --- Zlucheni Derz͡havy --- ZSA --- Mid-Atlantic States --- Middle Atlantic Region --- Middle Colonies --- Middle States --- United States