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Health status indicators --- Lifestyles --- Mortality --- Health surveys --- Health Surveys --- Health aspects --- Mortality. --- Cohort Studies. --- Life Style. --- Health Surveys. --- -Health surveys --- -Japanese --- -Lifestyles --- -Life style --- Life styles --- Styles, Life --- Human behavior --- Manners and customs --- Ethnology --- Public health surveys --- Surveys --- Health indicators --- Health status indexes --- Indexes, Health status --- Indicators, Health status --- Health --- Medical statistics --- Public health --- Quality of life --- Social indicators --- Abortion Surveys --- Abortion Survey --- Health Survey --- Survey, Abortion --- Survey, Health --- Surveys, Abortion --- Surveys, Health --- Life Style Induced Illness --- Lifestyle --- Life Styles --- Quality of Life --- Social Environment --- Analysis, Cohort --- Cohort Studies, Closed --- Cohort Studies, Historical --- Studies, Closed Cohort --- Studies, Concurrent --- Studies, Historical Cohort --- Closed Cohort Studies --- Cohort Analysis --- Concurrent Studies --- Historical Cohort Studies --- Incidence Studies --- Analyses, Cohort --- Closed Cohort Study --- Cohort Analyses --- Cohort Study --- Cohort Study, Closed --- Cohort Study, Historical --- Concurrent Study --- Historical Cohort Study --- Incidence Study --- Studies, Cohort --- Studies, Incidence --- Study, Closed Cohort --- Study, Cohort --- Study, Concurrent --- Study, Historical Cohort --- Study, Incidence --- Age Specific Death Rate --- Age-Specific Death Rate --- Case Fatality Rate --- Decline, Mortality --- Determinants, Mortality --- Differential Mortality --- Excess Mortality --- Mortality Decline --- Mortality Determinants --- Mortality Rate --- Mortality, Differential --- Mortality, Excess --- Death Rate --- Age-Specific Death Rates --- Case Fatality Rates --- Death Rate, Age-Specific --- Death Rates --- Death Rates, Age-Specific --- Declines, Mortality --- Determinant, Mortality --- Differential Mortalities --- Excess Mortalities --- Mortalities --- Mortalities, Differential --- Mortalities, Excess --- Mortality Declines --- Mortality Determinant --- Mortality Rates --- Rate, Age-Specific Death --- Rate, Case Fatality --- Rate, Death --- Rate, Mortality --- Rates, Age-Specific Death --- Rates, Case Fatality --- Rates, Death --- Rates, Mortality --- Disease --- -Methodology --- mortality --- Japan. --- -Mortality --- -Japan. --- Cohort Studies --- Life Style --- Mortality, Law of --- Death --- Demography --- Death (Biology) --- Life style --- Methodology --- Bonin Islands --- CFR Case Fatality Rate --- Crude Death Rate --- Crude Mortality Rate --- Crude Death Rates --- Crude Mortality Rates --- Death Rate, Crude --- Mortality Rate, Crude --- Rate, Crude Death --- Rate, Crude Mortality --- Lifestyle Factors --- Factor, Lifestyle --- Lifestyle Factor --- Sanitary Surveys, Water Supply --- Health status indicators - Japan --- Lifestyles - Health aspects - Japan --- Mortality - Japan --- Health surveys - Japan --- Health Surveys - Japan

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In the last century, the average life expectancy at birth increased from roughly 45 years in the early 1900s to more than 80 years of age at present. However, living longer is often related to different levels of frailty. There is no curative treatment for frailty—the interventions that have been described as effective to slow or delay the onset of frailty are physical activity and nutritional interventions. Maintaining adequate nutrition status is important to reduce the risk of chronic diseases, many of which are age-related. On the other hand, frailty itself may have a negative effect on eating and, thus, on the nutritional status. This Special Issue, "Nutrition, Diet Quality, Aging and Frailty", addresses the existing knowledge on nutrition regarding the causative factors of frailty and disease due to aging, i.e., strategies for delaying the pathological effects of aging. It consists of twelve peer-reviewed papers covering original research, protocol development, methodological studies, narrative or systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, to better understand these complex relationships.

Medicine --- diet --- metabolism --- nutrient --- glucose --- lipid --- insulin --- neuroinflammation --- Alzheimer’s disease --- anti-ageing --- eating habits --- functional foods --- skin ageing --- breakfast --- meals --- older adults --- protein intake --- hyperhomocysteinemia --- vitamin B deficiency --- amyloid beta-peptides --- disease models --- animal --- memory and learning tests --- dietary diversity --- activities of daily living --- cohort study --- adults --- mortality --- QOL --- ADL --- Serum albumin --- self-assessed chewing ability --- inflammaging --- cognitive impairment --- cytokines --- physical frailty --- aged --- dietary inflammatory index --- dietary patterns --- frailty --- inflammation --- muscle function --- muscle mass --- sarcopenia --- prevalence --- nutrition --- physical activity --- meta-analysis --- meta-regression --- dairy products --- dietary pattern --- malnutrition --- food groups --- Mediterranean dietary pattern --- Westernized dietary pattern --- cross-sectional study --- aging --- lifespan --- carbohydrates --- whole grain --- protein

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Disorders of the central and peripheral nerve systems have severe effects on gut function. Hence, people who have sustained spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, or spina bifida patients may suffer from severe bowel symptoms, including constipation, incontinence to stools, difficult bowel evacuation, or pain. For the present book, a number of international experts have described how disorders of the nerve system affect bowel function, how to assess and treat bowel symptoms, and how the bacterial composition of the bowel may be affected.

laxatives --- constipation --- adults --- prevalence --- utilisation --- gut microbiota --- spina bifida --- transanal irrigation --- urinary tract infection --- SCI --- MENTOR --- NBD --- fecal incontinence --- Parkinson’s disease --- autonomic --- gastrointestinal --- alpha-synuclein --- parasympathetic --- neurogenic bowel dysfunction --- low anterior resection syndrome --- faecal incontinence --- chronic constipation --- bowel dysfunction --- quality of life --- spinal cord injury --- multiple sclerosis --- pharmacological --- systematic review --- neurogenic bowel --- treatment assessment --- bowel function --- exoskeletal walking --- difficulty with evacuation --- neostigmine --- glycopyrrolate --- iontophoresis --- autonomic dysfunction --- motility --- investigations --- manometry --- breath test --- imaging --- diabetes mellitus --- postprandial hypotension --- food ingestion --- ambulatory blood pressure measurement --- cohort study --- pediatric --- children --- adolescent --- anorectal malformation --- cerebral palsy --- acute rehabilitation --- opioids --- SCI bowel management

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Disorders of the central and peripheral nerve systems have severe effects on gut function. Hence, people who have sustained spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, or spina bifida patients may suffer from severe bowel symptoms, including constipation, incontinence to stools, difficult bowel evacuation, or pain. For the present book, a number of international experts have described how disorders of the nerve system affect bowel function, how to assess and treat bowel symptoms, and how the bacterial composition of the bowel may be affected.

Medicine --- Neurology & clinical neurophysiology --- laxatives --- constipation --- adults --- prevalence --- utilisation --- gut microbiota --- spina bifida --- transanal irrigation --- urinary tract infection --- SCI --- MENTOR --- NBD --- fecal incontinence --- Parkinson’s disease --- autonomic --- gastrointestinal --- alpha-synuclein --- parasympathetic --- neurogenic bowel dysfunction --- low anterior resection syndrome --- faecal incontinence --- chronic constipation --- bowel dysfunction --- quality of life --- spinal cord injury --- multiple sclerosis --- pharmacological --- systematic review --- neurogenic bowel --- treatment assessment --- bowel function --- exoskeletal walking --- difficulty with evacuation --- neostigmine --- glycopyrrolate --- iontophoresis --- autonomic dysfunction --- motility --- investigations --- manometry --- breath test --- imaging --- diabetes mellitus --- postprandial hypotension --- food ingestion --- ambulatory blood pressure measurement --- cohort study --- pediatric --- children --- adolescent --- anorectal malformation --- cerebral palsy --- acute rehabilitation --- opioids --- SCI bowel management

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The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide a thorough and up-to-date presentation of research investigating the impact of coffee and/or caffeine intake on various health outcomes. Areas of interest include, but are not limited to, the following topics: Human clinical trials of coffee or caffeine use in relation to disease or intermediate phenotypes. Epidemiological studies of habitual coffee or caffeine intake in relation to human health, among the general public, as well as, among special populations (i.e., children, pregnant women, diabetics, cancer patients, hypertensives, etc.). Mechanisms of action of nutrients and other bioactive components of coffee/caffeine. Studies integrating genetic or physiological markers of coffee/caffeine intake to investigations of coffee and health.

coronary artery disease --- n/a --- lipids --- NADH dehydrogenase --- tea --- tinnitus --- safety --- transcriptomics --- ergogenic --- guidelines --- myocardial perfusion --- placebo --- Caffeine --- risk factors --- lysophosphatidylcholine --- pregnancy --- assisted reproduction techniques --- population --- adenosine --- liver fibrosis --- coffee consumption --- cognitive --- causation --- supplement --- mate --- adult --- gene expression --- wine --- lipidomics --- chocolate --- exercise --- protection --- Suicide --- dipyridamole --- regadenoson --- live birth --- hearing --- pharmacological ergogenic aid --- behavior --- cardiovascular disease --- gene-diet interaction --- whole-blood --- sex --- health --- systematic review --- causality --- genetic epidemiology --- implantation --- pharmacogenomics --- cognitions --- ergogenic aid --- time trial performance --- CYP1A2 --- aging --- phenolic --- country --- caffeine intake --- serum chloride levels --- polymorphism --- responders --- intoxication --- trial --- epidemiological methods --- bias --- adenosine receptor --- longevity --- did not respond --- energy drinks --- biomarkers --- individual responses --- Mendelian Randomization --- public policy --- anxiety --- the Norwegian Women and Cancer Cohort (NOWAC) --- ADORA2A --- clinical pregnancy --- caffeine metabolism --- caffeine intoxication --- cohort study --- mood --- mRNA --- alcohol consumption --- epidemiology --- caffeine --- expectancy --- accidental death --- European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition --- cognition --- consumption --- HIV-HCV co-infection --- cytochrome P450 --- chlorogenic acids --- soda --- 24-h dietary recall --- coffee --- depression --- sport --- age