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This comprehensive book on Nanoclusters comprises sixteen authoritative chapters written by leading researchers in the field. It provides insight into topics that are currently at the cutting edge of cluster science, with the main focus on metal and metal compound systems that are of particular interest in materials science, and also on aspects related to biology and medicine. While there are numerous books on clusters, the focus on clusters as a bridge across disciplines sets this book apart from others. Delivers cutting edge coverage of cluster science

Microclusters. --- Metal clusters. --- Nanostructured materials. --- Nanomaterials --- Nanometer materials --- Nanophase materials --- Nanostructure controlled materials --- Nanostructure materials --- Ultra-fine microstructure materials --- Microstructure --- Nanotechnology --- Colloidal metal particles --- Metal particles, Colloidal --- Microclusters --- Atomic clusters --- Clusters, Atomic --- Clusters, Molecular --- Microcluster physics --- Molecular clusters --- Atoms --- Microphysics

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Atomic clusters are the bridge between molecules and the bulk matter. Following two key experiments - the observation of electronic shells in metallic clusters and the discovery of the C60 fullerence - the field of atomic clusters has experienced a rapid growth, and is now considered a mature field. The electrons of the cluster are confined to a small volume, hence, quantum effects are manifested on many properties of the clusters. Another interesting feature is that the properties often change in a non-smooth way as the number of atoms in the cluster increases. This book provides an updated o

Microclusters. --- Nanostructured materials. --- Nanomaterials --- Nanometer materials --- Nanophase materials --- Nanostructure controlled materials --- Nanostructure materials --- Ultra-fine microstructure materials --- Microstructure --- Nanotechnology --- Atomic clusters --- Clusters, Atomic --- Clusters, Molecular --- Microcluster physics --- Molecular clusters --- Atoms --- Microphysics

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Various nanoclusters and microparticles are considered in excited and ionized gases, as well as various processes with their participation. The concepts of these processes were developed 50 - 100 years ago mostly for dense media, and basing on these concepts, we analyze these processes in gases in two opposite regimes, so that in the kinetic regime surrounding atoms of a buffer gas do not partake in processes involving small particles, and the diffusion regime corresponds to a dense gas where interaction of small particles with a buffer gas subjects to laws of hydrodynamics. For calculation or estimation of the rates of these processes, we are based on the liquid drop model for small particles which was introduced in physics by N. Bohr about 80 years ago for the analysis of properties of atomic nuclei including the nuclear fusion and the hard sphere model (or the model of billiard balls) which was used by J. C. Maxwell 150 years ago and helped to create the kinetic theory of gases. These models along with the analysis of their accuracy allow one to study various processes, such as transport processes in gases involving small particles, charging of small particles in gases, chemical processes, atom attachment and quenching of excited atomic particles on the surface of a small particle, nucleation processes for small particles including coagulation, coalescence and growth of fractal aggregates, chain aggregates, fractal fibres and aerogels. Each analysis is finished by analytic formulas or simple models which allow us to calculate the rate of a certain real process with a known accuracy or to estimate this, and criteria of validity are given for these expressions obtained. Examples of real objects and processes involving small particles are analyzed.

Ionized gases. --- Microclusters. --- Vapors --- Kinetic theory of gases. --- Gases, Kinetic theory of --- Gases --- Molecular theory --- Statistical mechanics --- Vapours --- Atomic clusters --- Clusters, Atomic --- Clusters, Molecular --- Microcluster physics --- Molecular clusters --- Atoms --- Microphysics --- Gases, Ionized --- Microstructure. --- Clusters. --- Gases. --- Nanoclusters. --- Nanoparticles. --- Vapors.