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It is important to prevent and manage the frailty of the elderly because their muscle strength and physical activity decrease in old age, making them prone to falling, depression, and social isolation. In the end, they need to be admitted to a hospital or a nursing home. When successful aging fails and motor ability declines due to illness, malnutrition, or reduced activity, frailty eventually occurs. Once frailty occurs, people with frailty do not have the power to exercise or the power to move. The functions of the heart and muscles are deteriorated more rapidly when they are not used. Consequently, frailty goes through a vicious cycle. As one’s physical fitness is deteriorated, the person has less power to exercise, poorer cognitive functions, and inferior nutrition intake. Consequently, the whole body of the person deteriorates. Therefore, in addition to observational studies to identify risk factors for preventing aging, various intervention studies have been conducted to develop exercise programs and apply them to communities, hospitals, and nursing homes for helping the elderly maintain healthy lives. Until now, most aging studies have focused on physical frailty. However, social frailty and cognitive frailty affect senile health negatively just as much as physical frailty. Nevertheless, little is known about social frailty and cognitive frailty. This special issue includes original experimental studies, reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis studies on the prevention of senescence (physical senescence, cognitive senescence, social senescence), high-risk group detection, differentiation, and intervention.

Public health & preventive medicine --- brain stimulation --- dementia --- meta-analysis --- naming --- primary progressive aphasia --- qualitative evaluation --- cognitive function --- data mining --- Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment --- random forest --- neuropsychological test --- motoric cognitive risk syndrome --- fall --- gait speed --- three-item recall --- older adults --- mixing ability --- color-changing chewing gum --- frailty --- cross-sectional study --- spousal concordance --- aging --- aged --- accidental falls --- pain --- mild cognitive impairment --- depressive symptoms --- frailty profiles --- latent class analysis --- quality of life --- perceived health --- frailty syndrome --- physiotherapy --- exercise --- mood --- BDI --- STAI --- SWLS --- muscle strength --- community-dwelling older adults --- physical frailty --- prevalence --- risk factors --- non-robust --- FRAIL scale --- Tilburg Frailty Indicator --- determinants --- community-based --- sleep quality --- middle-aged and older adults --- SUNFRAIL --- psychometric properties --- screening tool --- social isolation --- social networks --- social support --- social participation --- Parkinson’s disease dementia --- instrumental activities of daily living --- clinical dementia rating --- convergence rate --- neuropsychological tests --- neuropsychiatric symptoms --- explainable artificial intelligence --- machine learning --- stacking ensemble --- Self-Rating Anxiety Scale --- multiple risk factors --- fall assessment sheet --- elderly patients --- hospitalization --- risk management --- driving cessation --- meaningful activities --- psychosomatic functions --- physical functional performance --- nursing homes --- physical fitness --- gait analysis --- indicators --- screening --- artificial intelligence --- healthcare --- frail --- Baduanjin --- strength training --- endurance training --- Explainable Artificial Intelligence