Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper examines the interaction between macro-financial and climate-related risks. It brings together different strands of the literature on climate-related risks and how these relate to macro-financial management and risks. Physical impacts of climate change as well as the transition toward a resilient low-carbon economy pose significant challenges for macro-financial management, as they can damage the balance sheets of governments, households, firms, and financial institutions due to the adverse and possibly abrupt impacts on investment and economic growth, fiscal revenue and expenditure, debt sustainability, and the valuation of financial assets. In turn, macro-financial risks translate into weakened resilience to physical climate risks and constrained capacity for climate adaptation and mitigation efforts. The paper finds that many countries face the "double jeopardy" of simultaneous elevated climate-related and macro-financial risks. Reducing macro-financial risks in countries under double jeopardy is an important component of international efforts to tackle climate change to complement and support country-specific efforts.

Adaptation to Climate Change --- Climate Change Impact --- Climate Change Impacts --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Climate Resilience --- Climate Risk --- Debt Sustainability --- Environment --- Environmental Disasters and Degradation --- Financial Economics --- Low-Carbon Economy --- Macro-Financial Risk --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Public Sector Development --- Trade and Investment

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The World Bank Group (WBG) has focused on reducing the environmental impacts of its internal operations and improving corporate environmental practices since 2002, when the WBG President announced WBG's commitment to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The objective of this document is to summarize the actions WBG has taken thus far to reduce environmental impacts from internal operations and present an action plan to further integrate sustainability into WBG's internal operations. Although this work focuses on the environmental impact associated with WBG daily operations, the links between WBG policies and actions related to environmental management and the financial/social considerations are significant. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) footprint and World Bank corporate responsibility teams facilitate the sustainability commitment of the WBG and monitor and track its progress. These teams provide technical information and research support to a dedicated group of champions throughout the WBG who implement emission reduction activities. Budget for these activities flows primarily through the environment department, the general services department, and IFC facilities management and administration. The environment department and IFC facilities management each resource one staff member to provide back-up research support and to monitor and report on environmental metrics, with building engineers and managers and project officers from across the WBG contributing.

Air Quality --- Alternative Energy --- Audits --- Carbon Credits --- Carbon Sequestration --- Chemicals --- Clean Development Mechanism --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Climate Risk Management --- Coal --- Corporate Social Responsibility --- Debt --- Decision Making --- Electricity --- Energy --- Energy Consumption --- Energy Efficiency --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Environment --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Governance --- International Financial Institutions --- International Governmental Organizations --- Landfills --- Methane --- Private Sector Development --- Recycling --- Renewable Energy --- Risk Management --- Sanitation --- Streams --- Transaction Costs --- Transparency --- Transport --- Travel Costs --- Waste Management

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Agriculture is the economic foundation of many Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, employing about 60 percent of the workforce and contributing an average of 30 percent of gross domestic product. Yet agricultural growth rates for SSA declined in the 2000 and food insecurity remains a concern, with malnourishment only dropping from 34 to 30 percent in two decades. Various projections suggest that food production must increase by 70-100 percent by 2050 to meet the demands of a world with 9 billion people and changing diets. In SSA this will require considerable investments in agricultural development-research, institutional support and infrastructural development. Ensuring food security under a changing climate is one of the major challenges of our era. African agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate change. Climate-smart agriculture seeks to increase productivity in an environmentally and socially sustainable way, strengthen farmers' resilience to climate change, and reduce agriculture's contribution to climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing carbon storage on farmland. Climate-smart agriculture includes proven practical techniques-such as mulching, intercropping, conservation agriculture, crop rotation, integrated crop-livestock management, agroforestry, improved grazing, and improved water management-but also innovative practices such as better weather forecasting, early warning systems and risk insurance. Climate-smart agriculture fully incorporates attention to climate risk management. Climate-smart agriculture offers some unique opportunities to tackle food security, adaptation and mitigation objectives. African countries will particularly benefit from climate-smart agriculture given the central role of agriculture as a means to poverty alleviation and the major negative impacts that climate change is likely to have on the African continent.

Adaptation to Climate Change --- Agricultural Productivity --- Agricultural Sector --- Agriculture --- Carbon Sequestration --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Climate Change and Agriculture --- Climate Change and Environment --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Climate Risk Management --- Crop Yields --- Deforestation --- Environment --- Farming --- Feasibility --- Floods --- Food Production --- Food Security --- Forests --- Insurance --- Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change --- International Food Policy Research Institute --- Land-Use Change --- Livestock Insurance --- Maize --- Methane --- Rice --- Soil Carbon --- Temperature --- World Food Programme

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The 2005 Gleneagles G8 summit in July 2005 stimulated a concerted effort of the Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to broaden and accelerate programs on access to energy and climate change mitigation and adaptation through the Clean Energy Investment Framework (CEIF). At the Gleneagles summit, it was agreed that a report on the implementation of the CEIF would be prepared for the 2008 G8 (Group of Eight: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) summit hosted by Japan. This joint report of the MDBs to the G8 summit in Hokkaido is intended to provide information on the outcomes and lessons learned under the CEIF, describe the collective MDB objectives for addressing the energy access and climate change challenges, and outline how the MDBs plan to build on the CEIF experience to date to more fully achieve these objectives. The report builds upon the 'the MDBs and the climate change agenda' report that was presented at the December 2007 Bali climate change conference. This report describes actions taken by each MDB to develop climate change strategies and programs of actions tailored to their particular client needs, based on resources and funding mechanisms currently available. Under the CEIF, the MDBs have strengthened collaboration on analytical work and programming and committed to expand this collaboration to optimize the impact of their collective actions. In addition to reporting on the status of the CEIF, this report outlines the collective ambition of the MDBs with respect to assisting the developing countries in meeting the climate change challenge, summarizes their evolving strategies designed to meet these objectives and the mechanisms through which they intend to achieve the necessary collaboration to optimize the collective impact of their climate change interventions.

Adaptation to Climate Change --- Carbon Emissions --- Carbon Finance --- Carbon Taxes --- Clean Air --- Clean Energy --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Climate Risk Management --- Coal --- Electricity --- Emissions --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Consumption --- Energy Efficiency --- Energy Policy --- Energy Production --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Energy Supply --- Environment --- Environment and Energy Efficiency --- Ethanol --- Extreme Weather Events --- Fossil Fuels --- Global Environment Facility --- Global Warming --- Gross Domestic Product --- International Financial Institutions --- Methane --- Natural Gas --- Pollutants --- Power Plants --- Power Sector --- Rainfall --- Renewable Energy --- Rural Electrification --- Storms --- Sugarcane --- Thermal Power --- Transaction Costs --- Vehicles --- Wind Energy

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Pacific island countries continue to be among the most vulnerable in the world: they combine high exposure to frequent and damaging natural hazards with low capacity to manage the resulting risks. Their vulnerability is exacerbated by poorly planned socioeconomic development, which has increased exposure and disaster losses, and by climate change, which has increased the magnitude of cyclones, droughts, and flooding. Currently, inefficient management of risks negates development gains and incurs large costs for national and local governments. Progress in reducing vulnerability has been retarded in part because of fundamental problems with coordination and cooperation among relevant actors at all levels. 'acting today for tomorrow' provides case studies, data, and analysis from the Pacific region to make a case for climate-and disaster-resilient development as being the most appropriate way to address the above challenges. It outlines what the consequences are of not acting today to reduce risk, what important lessons have emerged from the last decade, and what must be done to move toward resilient development in Pacific island countries. The document is intended for an audience of practitioners and policymakers at all levels across all relevant sectors. Its analysis and recommendations are meant to inform disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) planning across a range of institutions. Over the last decade, some important lessons have emerged about what works, and what does not work, to reduce vulnerability. It is clear now that project-based DRR and CCA initiatives with relatively short time frames encourage fragmented efforts, inhibit carryover across initiatives, and ultimately do little to reduce underlying vulnerability in a lasting way. To achieve robust and effective political authority, leadership, and accountability for more resilient development, governments should anchor coordination of DRR and CCA in a high level central ministry/body both at national and regional levels and ensure that leaders are knowledgeable about disaster and climate risk management.

Access to Health Services --- Access to Information --- Alliances --- Building Codes --- Climate --- Climate Change Economics --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Climate Risk Management --- Cost-Benefit analysis --- Decision Making --- Deforestation --- Desalination --- Disasters --- Discount Rate --- Droughts --- Earthquakes --- Economic Costs --- Economic Development --- Economics --- Energy Efficiency --- Environment --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Floods --- Food Production --- Food Security --- Fuels --- Global Environment Facility --- Global Warming --- Hazard Risk Management --- Heat Waves --- Land Management --- Land-Use Change --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Natural Disasters --- Natural Resources --- Nongovernmental Organizations --- Population Growth --- Rainfall --- Risk Assessment --- Risk Management --- Science and Technology Development --- Science of Climate Change --- Tsunamis --- Urban Development --- World Health Organization