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In 2011, the world watched as dictators across the Arab world were toppled from power. In Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Syria, and Iraq, ordinary Arab citizens mobilized across the region during the Arab Spring to reinvent the autocratic Arab world into one characterized by democracy, dignity, socioeconomic justice, and inviolable human rights. This unique comparative analysis of countries before, during and after the Arab Spring seeks to explain the divergent outcomes, disappointing and even harrowing results of efforts to overcome democratic consolidation challenges, from the tentative democracy in Tunisia to the emergence of the Islamic State, and civil war and authoritarian retrenchment everywhere else. Tracing the period of the Arab Spring from its background in long-term challenges to autocratic regimes, to the mass uprisings, authoritarian breakdown, and the future projections and requirements for a democratizing conclusion, Stephen J. King establishes a broad but focused history which refines the leading theory of democratization in comparative politics, and realigns the narrative of Arab Spring history by bringing its differing results to the fore.

Democratization --- Civil war --- Islam and politics --- Arab Spring, 2010 --- -Arab Awakening, 2010 --- -Islam --- Politics and Islam --- Political science --- Civil wars --- Intra-state war --- Rebellions --- Government, Resistance to --- International law --- Revolutions --- War --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- New democracies --- History --- Political aspects --- Arab countries --- Arab world --- Arabic countries --- Arabic-speaking states --- Islamic countries --- Middle East --- Politics and government --- -History --- Arab Awakening, 2010 --- -Democratic consolidation --- Democratization - Arab countries - History - 21st century --- Civil war - Arab countries - History - 21st century --- Islam and politics - Arab countries - History - 21st century --- -Arab countries - Politics and government - 21st century --- -Arab countries