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Cold War --- Civil defense - United States - History - 20th century. --- Nuclear warfare - History - 20th century.

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Civil defense -- United States. --- Emergency management -- United States. --- Intergovernmental cooperation -- United States. --- Emergency management --- Civil defense --- Intergovernmental cooperation

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Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, many agencies within the federal government began restricting some of their publicly available geospatial data and information from such sources as the World Wide Web. As time passes, however, decisionmakers have begun to ask whether and how such information specifically helps potential attackers, including terrorists, to select U.S. homeland sites and prepare for better attacks. The research detailed in this book aims to assist decisionmakers tasked with the responsibility of choosing which geospatial information to make available and which to rest

Civil defense--United States. --- Geographic information systems--Defense measures--United States. --- Civil defense --- Geographic information systems --- Defense measures --- Geographical information systems --- GIS (Information systems) --- Homeland defense --- Homeland security --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Geography

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Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the need for increased counterterrorism (CT) and homeland security (HS) efforts at the federal, state, and local levels has taken the spotlight in public safety efforts. In the immediate aftermath of 9/11, many law enforcement agencies (LEAs) shifted more resources toward developing CT and HS capabilities, and the federal government continues to support these efforts with grants provided through the Department of Homeland Security. This monograph examines the long-term adjustments that large urban LEAs have made to accommodate the focus on CT and HS, as well as the advantages and challenges associated with it. The study relies primarily on in-depth case studies of five large urban LEAs, as well as a review of federal HS grant programs and a quantitative analysis of the potential costs associated with shifting law enforcement personnel from traditional policing to focus on HS and CT functions. Major trends among the five case study LEAs include the creation of specialized departments and units, as well as an increased emphasis on information-sharing, which, nationwide, has led to the creation of fusion centers that serve as formal hubs for regional information-sharing networks. LEAs' HS and CT efforts are also greatly influenced by the restrictions and requirements associated with federal HS grant funding. Finally, using cost-of-crime estimates, it is possible to partially quantify the costs associated with LEAs' shifting of personnel away from traditional crime prevention toward CT and HS -- there are also clear benefits associated with law enforcement's focus on CT and HS, but they are difficult to quantify, and this is posing a challenge for LEAs as the economic downturn puts pressure on public budgets.

Civil defense --United States. --- Law enforcement --United States. --- National security --United States. --- Police training --United States --Costs. --- Terrorism --United States --Prevention. --- Terrorism --- National security --- Police training --- Law enforcement --- Civil defense --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Criminology, Penology & Juvenile Delinquency --- Social Sciences --- Prevention --- Costs --- Prevention. --- Costs. --- Homeland defense --- Homeland security --- Police --- Training of --- Police professionalization --- Training

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Cyberspace, where information--and hence serious value--is stored and manipulated, is a tempting target. An attacker could be a person, group, or state and may disrupt or corrupt the systems from which cyberspace is built. When states are involved, it is tempting to compare fights to warfare, but there are important differences. The author addresses these differences and ways the United States protect itself in the face of attack.

INFORMATION WARFARE--USA --- CYBERTERRORISM--USA--PREVENTION --- CYBERSPACE--SECURITY MEASURES --- COMPUTER NETWORKS--SECURITY MEASURES--USA --- COMPUTER SECURITY--USA --- INFRASTRUCTURE (ECONOMICS)--SECURITY MEASURES--USA --- INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY--SECURITY MEASURES--USA --- Civil defense - United States. --- Cyberspace - Security measures. --- Cyberterrorism - United States - Prevention. --- Cyberterrorism - United States - Prevention deleteClassification editClassification. --- Information warfare - United States. --- Information warfare --- Cyberterrorism --- Computer security. --- Computer networks --- Civil defense --- Homeland defense --- Homeland security --- Computer privacy --- Computer system security --- Computer systems --- Computers --- Cyber security --- Cybersecurity --- Electronic digital computers --- Protection of computer systems --- Security of computer systems --- Data protection --- Security systems --- Hacking --- Prevention. --- Security measures --- Protection --- Cyberspace --- Security measures. --- Space and time --- Telematics