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Trained as a journalist, a political scientist, and a geographer, the author provides a unique perspective supported by numerous maps and extensive interviews. Winner of awards from the French Society of Geography and the French National Academy of Sciences.

Emigration and immigration --- Geopolitics --- Racism --- Minorities --- World politics --- Bias, Racial --- Race bias --- Race prejudice --- Racial bias --- Prejudices --- Anti-racism --- Critical race theory --- Race relations --- Ethnic minorities --- Foreign population --- Minority groups --- Persons --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Discrimination --- Ethnic relations --- Majorities --- Plebiscite --- Segregation --- Social aspects. --- Social conditions. --- Oakland (Calif.) --- City of Oakland (Calif.) --- Civilization. --- Race relations.

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The Black Panther Party represents Black Panther Party members' coordinated responses over the last four decades to the failure of city, state, and federal bureaucrats to address the basic needs of their respective communities. The Party pioneered free social service programs that are now in the mainstream of American life. The Party's Sickle Cell Anemia Research Foundation, operated with Oakland's Children's Hospital, was among the nation's first such testing programs. Its Free Breakfast Program served as a model for national programs. Other initiatives included free clinics, grocery givea.

African Americans --- Poor --- Community life --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Ethnology --- Blacks --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Human ecology --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Poverty --- Services for --- Societies, etc. --- Politics and government --- Economic conditions --- Black Panther Party --- Black Panthers --- BPP (Black Panther Party) --- B.P.P. (Black Panther Party) --- Black Panther Party for Self-Defense --- History. --- Sozialhilfe --- Armut --- Schwarze --- Oakland. --- Oakland --- Black power --- Partei --- USA --- Oakland, Calif. --- City of Oakland (Calif.) --- Black people

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Fleeing the murderous Pol Pot regime, Cambodian refugees arrive in America as at once the victims and the heroes of America's misadventures in Southeast Asia; and their encounters with American citizenship are contradictory as well. Service providers, bureaucrats, and employers exhort them to be self-reliant, individualistic, and free, even as the system and the culture constrain them within terms of ethnicity, race, and class. Buddha Is Hiding tells the story of Cambodian Americans experiencing American citizenship from the bottom-up. Based on extensive fieldwork in Oakland and San Francisco, the study puts a human face on how American institutions-of health, welfare, law, police, church, and industry-affect minority citizens as they negotiate American culture and re-interpret the American dream. In her earlier book, Flexible Citizenship, anthropologist Aihwa Ong wrote of elite Asians shuttling across the Pacific. This parallel study tells the very different story of "the other Asians" whose route takes them from refugee camps to California's inner-city and high-tech enclaves. In Buddha Is Hiding we see these refugees becoming new citizen-subjects through a dual process of being-made and self-making, balancing religious salvation and entrepreneurial values as they endure and undermine, absorb and deflect conflicting lessons about welfare, work, medicine, gender, parenting, and mass culture. Trying to hold on to the values of family and home culture, Cambodian Americans nonetheless often feel that "Buddha is hiding." Tracing the entangled paths of poor and rich Asians in the American nation, Ong raises new questions about the form and meaning of citizenship in an era of globalization.

Cambodian Americans --- Refugees --- Citizenship --- Birthright citizenship --- Citizenship (International law) --- National citizenship --- Nationality (Citizenship) --- Political science --- Public law --- Allegiance --- Civics --- Domicile --- Political rights --- Displaced persons --- Persons --- Aliens --- Deportees --- Exiles --- Cambodians --- Ethnology --- Social conditions. --- Ethnic identity. --- Civil rights --- Social aspects --- Law and legislation --- Oakland (Calif.) --- City of Oakland (Calif.) --- Ethnic relations. --- Américains d'origine cambodgienne --- Réfugiés --- Social conditions --- Ethnic identity --- Conditions sociales --- Identité ethnique --- Family. --- Cambodians. --- Adaptation. --- Refugees. --- Américains d'origine cambodgienne --- Réfugiés --- Citoyenneté --- Droits --- Conditions sociales. --- Identité collective. --- american citizenship. --- american culture. --- american dream. --- american institutions. --- anthropology. --- asia scholars. --- buddhism. --- buddhists. --- california. --- cambodian americans. --- cambodian refugees. --- citizenship experience. --- cultural anthropologists. --- demographic studies. --- ethnic tensions. --- fieldwork. --- globalization. --- minority citizens. --- modern history. --- new america. --- nonfiction study. --- oakland. --- pol pot regime. --- race and class. --- regional history. --- san francisco. --- social sciences. --- southeast asia. --- textbooks. --- welfare. --- Citoyenneté --- Identité collective.