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Waar plantages en slaven zijn, vluchten slaven van plantages. Al vrij snel na de stichting van de plantagekolonie Suriname (1651) ontsnapten Afrikaanse slaven om een menswaardig bestaan op te bouwen in het immense regenwoud. Zij vestigden zich in het labyrint van kreken en rivieren en voerden vandaar een felle guerrilla tegen de blanke planters. Een van deze groepen Marrons, zoals de gevluchte slaven in de literatuur bekend staan, is de Okanisi. Een zwarte vrijstaat in Suriname vertelt de geschiedenis van de Okanisi in de achttiende eeuw. Het is een geschiedenis van hekserij en orakels, van knechting en ontsnapping, van opsporing en oorlog. Na jaren van strijd kwam de koloniale overheid tot de conclusie dat zij de Marrons niet onderwerpen kon en bood hun in 1760 een vrede aan die door de Okanisi werd geaccepteerd. Het sluiten van de vrede tussen overheid en Okanisi was de erkenning van de eerste ‘zwarte vrijstaat’ in Suriname. De geschiedenis van de Okanisi is geschreven op basis van uniek materiaal. Dat materiaal bestaat uit verslagen van de koloniale oorlog tegen de Marrons en uit mondelinge overleveringen van de Okanisi. Een zwarte vrijstaat toont overtuigend aan dat in het verleden het heden ligt.

Maroons --- Blacks --- Negroes --- Ethnology --- Cimarrones --- Fugitive slaves --- History --- Suriname --- Black persons --- Cimarrónes --- Black people

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In this fascinating book, Damian Alan Pargas introduces a new conceptualization of 'spaces of freedom' for fugitive slaves in North America between 1800 and 1860, and answers the questions: How and why did enslaved people flee to - and navigate - different destinations throughout the continent, and to what extent did they succeed in evading recapture and re-enslavement? Taking a continental approach, this study highlights the diversity of slave fight by conceptually dividing the continent into three distinct - and continuously evolving - spaces of freedom. Namely, spaces of informal freedom in the US South, where enslaved people attempted to flee by passing as free blacks; spaces of semi-formal freedom in the US North, where slavery was abolished but the precise status of fugitive slaves was contested; and spaces of formal freedom in Canada and Mexico, where slavery was abolished and runaways were considered legally free and safe from re-enslavement.

Fugitive slaves --- Slaves --- Maroons --- Fugitive slave communities --- History --- Emancipation --- Communities --- Cimarrónes --- Enslaved persons --- Persons --- Slavery --- Runaway slaves

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Over more than two centuries men, women, and children escaped from slavery to make the Southern wilderness their home. They hid in the mountains of Virginia and the low swamps of South Carolina; they stayed in the neighborhood or paddled their way to secluded places; they buried themselves underground or built comfortable settlements. Known as maroons, they lived on their own or set up communities in swamps or other areas where they were not likely to be discovered.Although well-known, feared, celebrated or demonized at the time, the maroons whose stories are the subject of this book have been forgotten, overlooked by academic research that has focused on the Caribbean and Latin America. Who the American maroons were, what led them to choose this way of life over alternatives, what forms of marronage they created, what their individual and collective lives were like, how they organized themselves to survive, and how their particular story fits into the larger narrative of slave resistance are questions that this book seeks to answer. To survive, the American maroons reinvented themselves, defied slave society, enforced their own definition of freedom and dared create their own alternative to what the country had delineated as being black men and women’s proper place. Audacious, self-confident, autonomous, sometimes self-sufficient, always self-governing; their very existence was a repudiation of the basic tenets of slavery.

SOCIAL SCIENCE / Ethnic Studies / African American Studies. --- HISTORY / United States / General. --- Fugitive slaves --- Maroons --- Cimarrones --- Blacks --- Runaway slaves --- Slavery --- Slaves --- History. --- Southern States --- Race relations --- Cimarrónes --- Enslaved persons

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Human rights --- Indigenous peoples --- Maroons --- Droits de l'homme --- Autochtones --- Marrons (Esclaves et descendants d'esclaves) --- Civil rights --- Droits --- Cimarrones --- Blacks --- Fugitive slaves --- Aboriginal peoples --- Aborigines --- Adivasis --- Indigenous populations --- Native peoples --- Native races --- Ethnology --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Law and legislation --- Cimarrónes

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326 <83> --- 815 Geschiedenis --- 826 Imperialisme, Kolonialisme --- 844 Sociale Structuur --- 844.3 Migratie en vluchtelingen --- 860 (Vredes)cultuur --- 881 Afrika --- 882.2 Zuid-Amerika --- 884.4 West-Europa --- Slavernij--(algemeen)--Chili --- Maroons --- Boni (French Guianese and Surinamese people) --- Insurgency --- Wars. --- History --- Suriname --- 326 <83> Slavernij--(algemeen)--Chili --- Cimarrones --- Blacks --- Fugitive slaves --- Insurgent attacks --- Rebellions --- Civil war --- Political crimes and offenses --- Revolutions --- Government, Resistance to --- Internal security --- Boni (Surinam people) --- Ethnology --- Wars --- Slavery --- Cimarrónes