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This book offers a number of innovative studies on the three main communities of the East Mediterranean lands--Muslims, Jews and Christians--in the aftermath of the seventh-century Arab conquests. It focuses principally on how the Christian majority were affected by and adapted to their loss of political power in such arenas as language use, identity construction, church building, pilgrimage, and the role of women. Attention is also paid to how the Muslim community defined itself, administered justice, and regulated relations with non-Muslims. This book will be important for anyone interested in the ways in which the cultures and traditions of the late antique Mediterranean world were transformed in the course of the seventh to tenth centuries by the establishment of the new Muslim political elite and the gradual emergence of an Islamic Empire.

Muslims - Middle East - History --- Christians - Middle East - History --- Jews - Middle East - History --- Middle East - Ethnic relations --- Middle East - Civilization --- Islamic Empire - History --- Middle East - History

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Etudes consacrées aux églises, à la fois monuments et lieux de prière et d'identité des communautés de langue syriaque. L'ouvrage propose une vue panoramique des régions où se développèrent ces communautés ainsi qu'un inventaire du patrimoine architectural qui leur est lié.

Syriac Christians --- Chrétiens syriaques --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Syrian churches --- Church buildings --- History --- Middle East --- Church history --- Antiquities --- Chrétiens syriaques --- Congrès --- Antiquities. --- Church buildings. --- Kirchenbau. --- Sakralbau. --- Syriac Christians. --- Syrian churches. --- Syrische Kirchen. --- Middle East. --- Syriac Christians - Middle East - History - Congresses --- Syrian churches - History - Congresses --- Church buildings - Middle East - History - Congresses --- Middle East - Church history - Congresses --- Middle East - Antiquities - Congresses

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Pourquoi l’Orient chrétien ? Les Latins – croisés, pèlerins ou missionnaires – partant pour la Cilicie. la Syrie-Palestine et l’Égypte du XIIe à l’orée du XVe siècle, se rendent à la rencontre d’hommes à la fois semblables parce que chrétiens et dissemblables parce qu’orientaux. C’est cette expérience d’une altérité rendue particulière par la grande proximité avec laquelle elle se conjugue qui constitue l’objet de ce livre. En effet, les différents discours sur l’altérité, construits à la confluence de la culture savante, d’un système de représentations occidentales et de l’expérience née de la rencontre affectent en retour la définition de la christianitas. Les attitudes des auteurs varient selon leur statut et selon les trajectoires propres à chacun. Après l’analyse des modalités et des rythmes de l’intégration des chrétiens d’Orient par les Latins à leur univers culturel, cette étude analyse le discours latin sur l’altérité orientale. Aux prémisses de la rencontre et à l’autorité de la chose lue, succèdent bientôt la découverte de visu et in situ et l’autorité de la chose vue et, souvent, entendue. Comment les Latins perçoivent-ils leurs coreligionnaires et ces perceptions parviennent-elles à bouleverser les a priori du départ ? Puis, au premier regard, dans lequel affleure la spontanéité de la réaction à l’altérité, succède et se superpose un discours plus construit où les autorités et les représentations pèsent davantage, sans que cela soit toujours du domaine du conscient. Les enjeux, territoriaux, pastoraux et évangéliques contribuent alors à définir les contours des images de l’autre.

Altérité --- 281 "04/14" --- 281 "04/14" Eglises orientales--Middeleeuwen --- 281 "04/14" Oosters christendom--Middeleeuwen --- Eglises orientales--Middeleeuwen --- Oosters christendom--Middeleeuwen --- Altérité --- Chrétiens --- Moyen-Orientaux --- Églises orientales --- Dans les représentations sociales --- Eastern churches --- Christian pilgrims and pilgrimages --- Ecclesiastical geography --- Christians --- History --- Relations --- Catholic Church --- Other (Philosophy) --- East and West --- Eglises orientales --- Pèlerins et pèlerinages chrétiens --- Orient et Occident --- History. --- Religious aspects --- Christianity --- Histoire --- Eglise catholique. --- Aspect religieux --- Christianisme --- Middle East --- Moyen-Orient --- Church history. --- Histoire religieuse --- Eastern churches. --- Eastern churches - History --- Christian pilgrims and pilgrimages - Latin Orient - History --- Eastern churches - Relations - Catholic Church - History --- Christians - Middle East - History

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Though nations are nowadays seen as the product of modernity, comparable processes of community building were taking place even earlier. Thus the history of the Armenian, Coptic, Ethiopian, and Syrian Christians shows that close-knit ethnic groups already existed in Late Antiquity and early medieval times. These communities have endured to the present day. However, there is much debate as to how they came into existence and defined themselves. The role of religion is central to this debate. A major interdisciplinary research project conducted at Leiden University investigated the identity formation of the Syriac Orthodox. It is argued that they started as a religious association. This volume presents the results of the Leiden team together with reactions from a number of other specialists. The cases of the East Syrians, Armenians, Copts, Ethiopians, and Byzantine Orthodox are discussed in five additional contributions. Contributors include: Naures Atto, Annemarie Weyl Carr, Muriel Debié, Jan van Ginkel, Wim Hofstee, Mat Immerzeel, Steven Kaplan, Theo van Lint, Glenn Peers, Richard Price, Gerrit Reinink, Bas ter Haar Romeny, Uriel Simonsohn, Bas Snelders, David Taylor, Herman Teule, Jacques van der Vliet, and Dorothea Weltecke.

Christians --- Christian communities --- Religious minorities --- Identification (Religion) --- Church history --- History --- Middle East --- Identity (Religion) --- Religious identity --- Psychology, Religious --- Asia, South West --- Asia, Southwest --- Asia, West --- Asia, Western --- East (Middle East) --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mediterranean Region, Eastern --- Mideast --- Near East --- Northern Tier (Middle East) --- South West Asia --- Southwest Asia --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Orient --- Church history. --- History. --- Christianity --- Apostolic Church --- Church, Apostolic --- Early Christianity --- Early church --- Primitive and early church --- Primitive Christianity --- Fathers of the church --- Great Apostasy (Mormon doctrine) --- Minorities --- Christian communes --- Communes, Christian --- Communities, Christian --- Religious communities --- Religious adherents --- Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Conferences - Meetings --- Christians - Middle East - History --- Christian communities - Middle East --- Religious minorities - Middle East - History --- Church history - Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 --- Church history - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Middle East - Church history --- Middle East - History

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In the second half of the first millennium CE, the Christian Middle East fractured irreparably into competing churches and Arabs conquered the region, setting in motion a process that would lead to its eventual conversion to Islam. Jack Tannous argues that key to understanding these dramatic religious transformations are ordinary religious believers, often called "the simple" in late antique and medieval sources. Largely agrarian and illiterate, these Christians outnumbered Muslims well into the era of the Crusades, and yet they have typically been invisible in our understanding of the Middle East's history. What did it mean for Christian communities to break apart over theological disagreements that most people could not understand? How does our view of the rise of Islam change if we take seriously the fact that Muslims remained a demographic minority for much of the Middle Ages? In addressing these and other questions, Tannous provides a sweeping reinterpretation of the religious history of the medieval Middle East. This provocative book draws on a wealth of Greek, Syriac, and Arabic sources to recast these conquered lands as largely Christian ones whose growing Muslim populations are properly understood as converting away from and in competition with the non-Muslim communities around them. -- A bold new religious history of the late antique and medieval Middle East that places ordinary Christians at the center of the story In the second half of the first millennium CE, the Christian Middle East fractured irreparably into competing churches and Arabs conquered the region, setting in motion a process that would lead to its eventual conversion to Islam. Jack Tannous argues that key to understanding these dramatic religious transformations are ordinary religious believers, often called "the simple" in late antique and medieval sources. Largely agrarian and illiterate, these Christians outnumbered Muslims well into the era of the Crusades, and yet they have typically been invisible in our understanding of the Middle East's history. What did it mean for Christian communities to break apart over theological disagreements that most people could not understand? How does our view of the rise of Islam change if we take seriously the fact that Muslims remained a demographic minority for much of the Middle Ages? In addressing these and other questions, Tannous provides a sweeping reinterpretation of the religious history of the medieval Middle East. This provocative book draws on a wealth of Greek, Syriac, and Arabic sources to recast these conquered lands as largely Christian ones whose growing Muslim populations are properly understood as converting away from and in competition with the non-Muslim communities around them. Review: "This book is a must-read for anyone who wishes to understand the world the Arabs found in the seventh century and how they interacted with the Christian majority. Tannous brilliantly weaves complex religious and social questions to shed an entirely new light on a period that is still pivotal for us today."--Muriel Debi , cole Pratique des Hautes tudes, PSL "In this strikingly original book, Jack Tannous has delivered a frontal assault on traditional assumptions about early Islam. His absorbing and persuasive exercise in microhistory focuses on the lived experience of ordinary people and presents us with a continuing Christian Middle East until at least the eleventh century."--Averil Cameron, University of Oxford "This is a marvelous book, dizzying in its detail, dazzling in its discipline. Tannous sees through the eyes not of intellectuals and professional theologians but of the vast mass of believers, whether Christian or Muslim. Meticulous, generous, evocative, and persuasive, The Making of the Medieval Middle East paints a neglected world in full color."--Margaret Mullett, professor emerita, Queen's University Belfast "Tannous draws on a rich and fascinating selection of primary source material to paint a fresh picture of the early medieval Middle East."--Robert G. Hoyland, author of In God's Path: The Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire "This is undoubtedly a work of major importance. By shifting the focus from intellectual elites to everyday Christian believers, Tannous provides a more illuminating understanding of the gradual transition to the majority Islamic world of the medieval Middle East."--Sebastian Brock, author of An Introduction to Syriac Studies "The Making of the Medieval Middle East is no less than a marvelous achievement--there isn't a stone Tannous has left unturned in his path of inquiry. Future scholars will have to reconsider their methods and theses in light of this bold and exceptional book."--Uriel I. Simonsohn, author of A Common Justice: The Legal Allegiances of Christians and Jews under Early Islam

Middle East --- Moyen Orient --- Religion --- 28 <5-011> --- 28 <5-011> Christelijke kerken, secten. Kristelijke kerken--(algemeen)--Nabije-Oosten. Midden-Oosten --- 28 <5-011> Les diverses Eglises chretiennes:--general--Nabije-Oosten. Midden-Oosten --- Christelijke kerken, secten. Kristelijke kerken--(algemeen)--Nabije-Oosten. Midden-Oosten --- Les diverses Eglises chretiennes:--general--Nabije-Oosten. Midden-Oosten --- Christians-Middle East-History. --- Middle East-Church history. --- Middle East-Religion-History-To 1500. --- RELIGION / Christianity / History. --- Abbasid Baghdad. --- Arab Muslim immigrants. --- Arab conquerors. --- Arab conquests. --- Arab encampments. --- Arabic. --- Chalcedonians. --- Christian Middle East. --- Christian authorities. --- Christian beliefs. --- Christian communities. --- Christian community. --- Christian confession. --- Christian doctrines. --- Christian education. --- Christian history. --- Christian identity. --- Christian leaders. --- Christian literature. --- Christian message. --- Christian movements. --- Christian schools. --- Christian tradition. --- Christianity. --- Christians. --- Christian–Muslim interaction. --- Christian–Muslim relations. --- Church of the East. --- Eucharist. --- Islam. --- Islamic history. --- Islamic tradition. --- Jacob of Edessa. --- Jews. --- Miaphysite church. --- Miaphysite. --- Miaphysites. --- Middle Ages. --- Middle East. --- Middle Eastern Christian. --- Muhammad. --- Muslim habitation. --- Muslim rule. --- Muslim tradition. --- Muslims. --- Prophet. --- Qenneshre. --- Roman Middle East. --- Roman Syria. --- Roman state. --- Syria. --- Syriac language. --- basic education. --- canons. --- church leaders. --- clergy. --- community formation. --- confessional allegiance. --- confessional indifference. --- continuities. --- cultural institutions. --- debate. --- doctrinal difference. --- doctrinal theology. --- educational institutions. --- family connections. --- garrison cities. --- intercultural exchange. --- learned philosophers. --- literacy. --- material benefits. --- medieval Middle East. --- military upheaval. --- monasteries. --- non-Muslims. --- political discontinuity. --- political power. --- post-Chalcedonian. --- religious believers. --- religious claims. --- religious competition. --- religious conversion. --- religious difference. --- religious diversity. --- religious dynamics. --- religious framework. --- religious minority. --- religious motivation. --- religious questions. --- religious tradition. --- religious traditions. --- rival churches. --- sacraments. --- salaf. --- shared experiences. --- shared settings. --- simple Christians. --- simple Muslims. --- simple believer. --- simple believers. --- simple faith. --- simplicity. --- theological literacy. --- theological speculation. --- translations. --- violence.