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Cholinesterases.

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Developmental cytology. --- Cholinesterases. --- Cholinesterases. --- Developmental cytology.

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This book brings together the papers published in the Special Issue "Recent advances in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of resistance in Noctuid pests" in the journal Insects in 2021. It contains 10 articles that are either original results or reviews. The focus is on insects of the noctuid family, as they are among the most devastating crop pests on the planet. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that allow these insects to become resistant to insecticides is essential for the implementation of sustainable control methods and resistance management strategies.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- fall armyworm --- insecticide resistance --- target-site mutations --- Bt resistance --- corn strain --- rice strain --- resistance management --- Indonesia --- Kenya --- 1'S-1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate --- Alpinia galanga --- Spodoptera frugiperda --- Sf9 cells --- botanical pesticide --- Mythimna loreyi --- rice armyworm --- invasive pest --- LAMP --- diagnostic PCR --- Helicoverpa armigera --- transposable elements --- insertions sites --- insecticide resistance genes --- insect rearing --- dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory --- development --- temperature --- variability --- Bacillus thuringiensis --- Cry protein --- ATP-Binding Cassette --- ABC Transporter --- ATP switch model --- pore-forming toxin --- resistance --- genetics --- Noctuidae --- Helicoverpa --- Spodoptera --- Heliothis --- Chloridea --- Trichoplusia --- ABCC2 --- biological invasion --- Cytochrome P450 --- Fall armyworm --- cytochromes P450 --- carboxyl/cholinesterases --- glutathione S-transferases --- ATP-binding cassette transporters --- soybean looper --- reference genes --- Cry1F --- genotyping --- targeted sequencing --- resistance screen --- fall armyworm --- insecticide resistance --- target-site mutations --- Bt resistance --- corn strain --- rice strain --- resistance management --- Indonesia --- Kenya --- 1'S-1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate --- Alpinia galanga --- Spodoptera frugiperda --- Sf9 cells --- botanical pesticide --- Mythimna loreyi --- rice armyworm --- invasive pest --- LAMP --- diagnostic PCR --- Helicoverpa armigera --- transposable elements --- insertions sites --- insecticide resistance genes --- insect rearing --- dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory --- development --- temperature --- variability --- Bacillus thuringiensis --- Cry protein --- ATP-Binding Cassette --- ABC Transporter --- ATP switch model --- pore-forming toxin --- resistance --- genetics --- Noctuidae --- Helicoverpa --- Spodoptera --- Heliothis --- Chloridea --- Trichoplusia --- ABCC2 --- biological invasion --- Cytochrome P450 --- Fall armyworm --- cytochromes P450 --- carboxyl/cholinesterases --- glutathione S-transferases --- ATP-binding cassette transporters --- soybean looper --- reference genes --- Cry1F --- genotyping --- targeted sequencing --- resistance screen

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The practice of regular physical activity has been proposed as a determinant in many disciplines, from wellness to physiotherapy; in fact, it reduces the risks of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Moreover, physical exercise decreases the incidence of some types of cancer, such as breast and colon cancer. Finally, rehabilitation protocols need correct exercise training to reach the complete “return to play” of patients. Unfortunately, the mechanisms associated with the beneficial effects of physical activity are still under study. Therefore, advances in all aspects of sport and exercise medicine will be relevant for physicians, recreational sport practitioners and elite athletes. This was the aim of this Special Issue, “New trends in sport and exercise medicine”, which achieved great success. Sixteen papers have been published, which are briefly described below. They range from mobile applications in physiotherapy to changes in bioactive lipids in half-marathoners. However, sport and exercise medicine are broad subjects and require more papers to clarify their different aspects. Therefore, we proposed a new Special Issue to continue on this path and gain new insights into sport and exercise medicine.

Medicine --- rehabilitation --- compliance --- anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) --- range of motion (ROM) --- self-efficacy --- behavioral design --- gamification --- microparticles --- microvesicles --- extracellular vesicles --- molecular markers --- cell-cell communication --- physical exercise --- physical activity --- angiogenesis --- secretome --- paracrine signaling --- cellular crosstalk --- ginseng --- performance --- recovery --- eccentric exercise --- inflammation --- allometry --- standing broad jump --- children --- growth --- maturity offset --- bench pull --- vertical jump --- power --- talent detection --- training --- insertional Achilles tendinopathy --- Achilles tendon moment arm --- suture bridge method --- cool-down strategy --- heart rate --- fatigue perception --- muscle strain --- quadriceps --- football --- invasive physiotherapy --- post-injury performance --- reinjury --- return to play --- autonomic nervous system --- cardiac autonomic regulation --- cardiorespiratory fitness --- daily training --- endurance --- secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (Sparc) --- exercise --- muscle performance --- metabolic phenotype --- lactate --- ageing --- high-impact weight-bearing exercise --- bone mineral density --- bone metabolic markers --- serum 25-(OH) D --- middle-aged premenopausal women --- ROS --- signal transduction --- aging --- air pollution --- lungs --- skeletal muscle mass --- muscular strength --- anaerobic power --- arterial stiffness --- cholinesterases --- heart rate variability --- autonomic recovery mechanisms --- sympathetic-parasympathetic modulation --- postexercise recovery --- ceramides --- cytokines --- diacylglycerol --- biomarkers --- rehabilitation --- compliance --- anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) --- range of motion (ROM) --- self-efficacy --- behavioral design --- gamification --- microparticles --- microvesicles --- extracellular vesicles --- molecular markers --- cell-cell communication --- physical exercise --- physical activity --- angiogenesis --- secretome --- paracrine signaling --- cellular crosstalk --- ginseng --- performance --- recovery --- eccentric exercise --- inflammation --- allometry --- standing broad jump --- children --- growth --- maturity offset --- bench pull --- vertical jump --- power --- talent detection --- training --- insertional Achilles tendinopathy --- Achilles tendon moment arm --- suture bridge method --- cool-down strategy --- heart rate --- fatigue perception --- muscle strain --- quadriceps --- football --- invasive physiotherapy --- post-injury performance --- reinjury --- return to play --- autonomic nervous system --- cardiac autonomic regulation --- cardiorespiratory fitness --- daily training --- endurance --- secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (Sparc) --- exercise --- muscle performance --- metabolic phenotype --- lactate --- ageing --- high-impact weight-bearing exercise --- bone mineral density --- bone metabolic markers --- serum 25-(OH) D --- middle-aged premenopausal women --- ROS --- signal transduction --- aging --- air pollution --- lungs --- skeletal muscle mass --- muscular strength --- anaerobic power --- arterial stiffness --- cholinesterases --- heart rate variability --- autonomic recovery mechanisms --- sympathetic-parasympathetic modulation --- postexercise recovery --- ceramides --- cytokines --- diacylglycerol --- biomarkers

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Coumarins are widely distributed in nature and can be found in a large number of naturally occurring and synthetic bioactive molecules. The unique and versatile oxygen-containing heterocyclic structure makes them a privileged scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry. Many coumarin derivatives have been extracted from natural sources, designed, synthetized, and evaluated on different pharmacological targets. In addition, coumarin-based ion receptors, fluorescent probes, and biological stains are growing quickly and have extensive applications to monitor timely enzyme activity, complex biological events, as well as accurate pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties in living cells. The extraction, synthesis, and biological evaluation of coumarins have become extremely attractive and rapidly developing topics. A large number of research and review papers have compiled information on this important family of compounds in 2020. Research articles, reviews, communications, and concept papers focused on the multidisciplinary profile of coumarins, highlighting natural sources, most recent synthetic pathways, along with the main biological applications and theoretical studies, were the main focus of this book. The huge and growing range of applications of coumarins described in this book is a demonstration of the potential of this family of compounds in Organic Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, and different sciences related to the study of natural products. This book includes 23 articles: 17 original papers and six review papers.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- coumarin --- hydroxyl-modified coumarin --- photophysical --- thermal and structural characterization --- Glycyrrhiza uralensis --- glycyrol --- liquiritigenin --- cholinesterases --- human monoamine oxidases --- kinetics --- docking simulation --- chalcone --- neurodegenerative diseases --- adenosine receptors --- binding affinity --- docking --- 4-hydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin --- macrophage --- inflammation --- NF-κB --- MAPK --- calanolides --- pseudocalanolides --- calanolide A --- Calophyllum --- Calophyllaceae --- anti-HIV --- reverse transcriptase --- non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) --- osthole --- umbelliferone --- esculin --- 4-hydroxycoumarin --- sorafenib --- apoptosis --- autophagy --- Yin Chen Hao --- constitutive androstane receptor --- scoparone --- coumarins --- quorum sensing --- QS inhibitors --- plant-derived molecules --- Chromobacterium violaceum --- immunoproteasome --- psoralen core --- non-peptidic --- electrophilic compounds --- warhead scan --- inflammatory bowel disease --- isocoumarin --- Crohn’s disease --- ulcerative colitis --- glutathione --- oxidative stress --- complementary therapies --- intestinal inflammation --- benzopyrones --- five-membered aromatic heterocycles --- furan --- pyrrole --- thiophene --- selenophen --- dihydrocoumarin-fused dihydropyranones --- 3-aroylcoumarines --- benzyl 2,3-butadienoate --- 6’-(4-biphenyl)-β-iso-cinchonine --- biological applications --- drug discovery --- fluorescent probes --- warfarin --- acenocoumarol --- mechanical valve --- time in therapeutic range --- anticoagulation --- Ruta chalepensis --- Rutaceae --- chalepin --- chalepensin --- bioactivity --- biosynthesis --- coumarin3-carboxamides --- pyranocoumarins --- anticancer activity --- antibacterial activity --- free radical polymerization --- LED --- photocomposites --- direct laser write --- analytical methods --- model plant --- natural genetic variation --- natural products --- simple coumarins --- chalcocoumarin --- MAO-B --- molecular dynamics --- in silico studies --- dye-sensitized solar cells --- coumarin dyes --- thieno [3,2-b] thiophene --- charge transfer --- ethynylaryl --- esculetin --- antiplatelet activity --- impedance aggregometry --- COX --- polyphenols --- pyrazole --- imidazole --- thiazole --- oxazole --- triazole --- thiadiazole --- curcumin --- curcumin–coumarin hybrids --- neuroprotection --- monoamine oxidase inhibition --- cholinesterase inhibition --- scavenging activity --- Escherichia coli --- biotransformation --- ferulenol --- structural annotation --- in silico tools --- n/a --- Crohn's disease --- 6'-(4-biphenyl)-β-iso-cinchonine --- curcumin-coumarin hybrids