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Current practices of fertilizing farmers in the Lubumbashi market gardens are a major constraint in the production of Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) in terms of quantity and sanitary quality.
In order to improve and promote sustainable practices related to the use of fertilizer materials in Lubumbashi, field research based on interview surveys coupled with observations and analyzes in the soil laboratory as well as Chinese cabbage were made. A first survey targeted 246 producers in six sites between April and June 2016. Next, 50 producers from the previous list were surveyed between April and June 2017 in five sites and in-depth observations were made on soil quality of their plots and the performance of Chinese cabbage production in relation to their cultivation practices. The collected data was entered, saved on Excel file and analyzed using the Minitab 18 software.
The results of surveys and observations have shown that the production of Chinese cabbage in Lubumbashi is mainly carried out by men (56%). To produce, farmers plant small areas of 3.6 ± 2.5 ares and occupy 100% of them to produce Chinese cabbage. The variety of Chinese cabbage "Chihili" is the most cultivated. The cultivation of cabbage has several constraints including nutrient deficiencies and pests such as Agrotis ipsilon which is considered the most dangerous. Urban farmers in Lubumbashi share indicators of fertility and soil poverty with scientists and producers in other parts of the world.
To fertilize their plots, farmers use the principles of ISFM. They use urea (4.9 ± 2.2 kg / are), NPK (2.4 ± 1.4 kg / are), chicken droppings mixed with chips (38.6 ± 5.4 kg / are), dried chicken droppings (0.6 ± 0.0 kg / are) and composted household waste (0.2 ± 0.0 kg / are). To bring these nutrients, 56% producers combine urea and NPK, 38% combine organic matter, urea and NPK and 6% use only urea. These combinations provide on average 3.47 ± 1.51 kg N / are, 1.19 ± 0.47 kg / are P2O5 and 1.16 ± 0.48 k / are K2O. Urban farmers in Lubumbashi produce on average 690.5 ± 284 kg of Chinese cabbage and obtain a gross product of 374 316 ± 44 020 CDF, that’s mean 258,15 (EUR) per farm and for a production cycle of about 45 days. These farmers pay 70.71% of their money for the purchase of fertilizers. The average labor productivity of the Lubumbashi market gardeners is 1,510.27 CDF (1,042 EUR) per day. In addition to the constraints mentioned above, there are critical overruns of the heavy metal content standards of crops. Compared to these, Chinese cabbage leaves exceeded 202 times the ACPA recommended threshold for Cr, 93.33 times for the Pb threshold and 24.7 times the Cd threshold as set by EU and 10.55 times The Cu threshold fixed by ACPA. A series of ways to improve the situation are proposed.

Urban agriculture --- Lubumbashi --- integrated fertilization --- Chinese cabbage --- Metallic Trace Element --- Sciences du vivant > Agriculture & agronomie

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635.33 --- Brassicas --- Brassica --- Bok choy --- Cole crops --- Brassica oleracea --- Crops, Cole --- Vegetables --- Cruciferae --- Brassica campestris chinensis --- Brassica chinensis --- Brassica rapa chinensis --- Cabbage, Celery --- Cabbage, Chard --- Cabbage, Chinese white mustard --- Cabbage, Lettuce --- Cabbage, White Chinese mustard --- Celery cabbage --- Chard cabbage --- Chinese cabbage, Loose-leaf --- Chinese celery cabbage --- Chinese chard cabbage --- Chinese white mustard cabbage --- Lettuce cabbage --- Loose-leaf Chinese cabbage --- Mustard cabbage, Chinese white --- Mustard cabbage, White Chinese --- Pak choi --- Pak choy --- Pakchoi --- White Chinese mustard cabbage --- Vegetables, Chinese

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Thank you for reaching for this book. It is a summary of the research presented at the 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Sources (ICORES19), which took place in Krynica, Poland, in June 2019. This event is the most recognizable scientific meeting connected to RES in Poland. From the very beginning, this conference has been a unique occasion for gathering Polish and international researchers’ perspectives on renewable energy sources and balancing them against governmental policy considerations. Accordingly, the conference has also offered panels to discuss best practices and solutions with local entrepreneurs and federal government bodies. The meeting attracts not only scientists but also industry representatives, as well as local and federal government personnel. We are open to new and fresh ideas concerning renewable energy, which is why so many scientists from Central and Eastern Europe visit Krynica to discuss the “Green Future” of this region. In 2019, the conference was organized by the University of Agriculture in Krakow, in cooperation with the AGH University of Science and Technology (Krakow), the State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya, the University of Žilina, the International Commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (CIGR) and the Polish Society of Agricultural Engineering. Honorary auspices were made by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland, the rector of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, the rector of the AGH University of Science and Technology and the rector of the State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya.

Research & information: general --- disc-mill --- efficiency --- carbon dioxide --- rice --- corn --- grinding --- refuse-derived fuel --- refuse-derived fuel (RDF) --- pellets --- durability --- density --- die --- design --- CFD --- combustion simulation --- stove --- thermal measurements --- cylindrical LED light coat --- tracking lighting --- photosynthetic microorganisms --- photobioreactor --- algae --- thermosiphon --- anti-gravity --- bubble pump --- solar collector --- passive heat transport --- exploitation of energy sources --- heating and ventilation systems --- pollutant emissions --- reduction of pollutant emissions --- single-family houses --- spent coffee grounds --- sawdust --- calorific value --- combustion --- laboratory-scale efficiency --- industrial-scale efficiency --- biomass conversion --- Biochemical Methane Potential Correction Coefficient --- loss prevention --- finite element modeling --- thermal imbalance of the ground source --- small-scale thermal energy storage --- FEFLOW --- ground source heat pump --- Borehole Heat Exchanger (BHE) --- decision support system --- briquettes production --- willow --- Miscanthus --- artificial neural network --- multilayer perceptron --- drying --- compaction --- biomass --- mechanical durability --- specific density --- Scots pine --- biogas --- renewable energy --- poultry slaughterhouse waste --- management --- pressure compaction --- moisture content --- solid density --- Cup plant --- Virginia mallow --- Giant miscanthus --- perennial biomass --- greenhouse gases --- agriculture --- slow release fertilizers --- Chinese cabbage

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• Reference Manager
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Thank you for reaching for this book. It is a summary of the research presented at the 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Sources (ICORES19), which took place in Krynica, Poland, in June 2019. This event is the most recognizable scientific meeting connected to RES in Poland. From the very beginning, this conference has been a unique occasion for gathering Polish and international researchers’ perspectives on renewable energy sources and balancing them against governmental policy considerations. Accordingly, the conference has also offered panels to discuss best practices and solutions with local entrepreneurs and federal government bodies. The meeting attracts not only scientists but also industry representatives, as well as local and federal government personnel. We are open to new and fresh ideas concerning renewable energy, which is why so many scientists from Central and Eastern Europe visit Krynica to discuss the “Green Future” of this region. In 2019, the conference was organized by the University of Agriculture in Krakow, in cooperation with the AGH University of Science and Technology (Krakow), the State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya, the University of Žilina, the International Commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (CIGR) and the Polish Society of Agricultural Engineering. Honorary auspices were made by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland, the rector of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, the rector of the AGH University of Science and Technology and the rector of the State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya.

disc-mill --- efficiency --- carbon dioxide --- rice --- corn --- grinding --- refuse-derived fuel --- refuse-derived fuel (RDF) --- pellets --- durability --- density --- die --- design --- CFD --- combustion simulation --- stove --- thermal measurements --- cylindrical LED light coat --- tracking lighting --- photosynthetic microorganisms --- photobioreactor --- algae --- thermosiphon --- anti-gravity --- bubble pump --- solar collector --- passive heat transport --- exploitation of energy sources --- heating and ventilation systems --- pollutant emissions --- reduction of pollutant emissions --- single-family houses --- spent coffee grounds --- sawdust --- calorific value --- combustion --- laboratory-scale efficiency --- industrial-scale efficiency --- biomass conversion --- Biochemical Methane Potential Correction Coefficient --- loss prevention --- finite element modeling --- thermal imbalance of the ground source --- small-scale thermal energy storage --- FEFLOW --- ground source heat pump --- Borehole Heat Exchanger (BHE) --- decision support system --- briquettes production --- willow --- Miscanthus --- artificial neural network --- multilayer perceptron --- drying --- compaction --- biomass --- mechanical durability --- specific density --- Scots pine --- biogas --- renewable energy --- poultry slaughterhouse waste --- management --- pressure compaction --- moisture content --- solid density --- Cup plant --- Virginia mallow --- Giant miscanthus --- perennial biomass --- greenhouse gases --- agriculture --- slow release fertilizers --- Chinese cabbage