Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This brief presents findings from a census of the early development of Tuvalu's children, identifies areas of need, and puts forth recommendations to address gaps in service delivery to provide every child in Tuvalu with the best start in life. Universal health care and education are essential in supporting a strong and healthy development of Tuvalu's citizens. Access to quality health care services and the opportunity to participate in quality Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) provides children with the foundation they need to be ready to learn at school. The Government of Tuvalu has invested heavily in health and education, health care is free for all citizens and education is free for those aged 3-18 years. As such, encouragingly the country exhibits few disparities in access to health and education services, including that for children. For example, boys and girls have equitable access to pre-primary education, and policy mandates that ECCE centers cater to the needs of children with special needs. The Pacific Early Age Readiness and Learning (PEARL) program funding by the Global Partnership for Education (GPE), implementing by the World Bank, provides technical assistance and analytical work to improve the participating country's evidence-base on school readiness and early grade literacy to inform short and medium-term policy agendas, including baseline survey on school readiness and early grade reading levels and piloting interventions. Herein, this brief presents data regarding the status of children's early health and development, as well as their participation in preschool and their learning environments at home. At a country level, this evidence will help to inform intervention strategies and policy planning in early childhood to strengthen the ECCE system with the goal of ensuring thatall children in Tuvalu reach their developmental potential.

Child Mortality --- Educational Attainment

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Progress in child mortality reduction and education attainment varies widely among oil-rich countries. This paper investigates the causes of this variation using an empirical model that departs from the available literature in allowing for explicit measurement of the impact of initial levels of child mortality and education attainment. The results show that the following four variables are statistically significant and robust across various specifications: public spending on health and education, economic growth rates, caloric sufficiency, and initial levels of child mortality and education attainment. Further analysis was conducted to determine the economic significance of these factors by examining the contribution of each to the fitted growth rates (as a deviation from the sample mean) of child mortality and secondary school enrollment for 14 oil-rich developing countries. The analysis reveals some interesting patterns. First, initial conditions dominate the results for education attainment: the initial level of secondary school enrollment in 1980 is the dominant factor in explaining subsequent improvements in 10 of the 14 oil-rich developing countries for which calculations could be performed. Second, policy factors worked in different ways in different countries. A high degree of caloric sufficiency enabled countries in the Middle East and North Africa to reduce child mortality faster, while low levels of caloric sufficiency prevented African oil-rich countries, such as Angola and the Republic of Congo, from making progress. Third, levels of public spending were not economically critical for gains in school enrollment, although they were important in a few country cases for improvements in child mortality rates.

Child Mortality --- Public Spending --- School Enrollment

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Child malnutrition in Bangladesh exceeds WHO's threshold for public health emergencies. Using more than 36,000 records from several waves of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, the research focuses on the socioeconomic determinants of household consumption of all animal-source foods; the socioeconomic determinants of fish consumption, given its importance in the Bangladeshi diet; and the impact of observed consumption patterns on mortality and resistance to infectious diseases for children in their first years of life. Better maternal education and family economic status significantly increase the level of animal-source food intake, but they decrease the consumption share of fish. This suggests that increased income and education impart a "status bias" toward eggs and meat, even though they are more expensive and less beneficial than fish for child health. In addition, mothers' individual preferences for different animal-source foods, and the seasonal availability of fish during the pre- and post-partum periods have large effects on child mortality and significant effects on resistance to several common childhood illnesses. These findings highlight the importance of programs to increase supply of fish, maternal nutrition education and more public health programs to promote fish consumption.

Animal-Source Foods --- Child Health --- Child Mortality --- Fish --- Maternal Nutrition

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Esta descripcion general de las herramientas, politicas y tendencias en materia de financiamiento de la salud, con especial atencion en los desafios que enfrentan los paises en desarrollo, aporta la base para una formulacion eficaz de las politicas. Mediante un analisis del actual contexto mundial, el libro discute los objetivos del financiamiento de la salud en el marco del analisis subyacente de factores sanitarios, demograficos, sociales, economicos y politicos, junto con las realidades institucionales que enfrentan los paises en desarrollo, y evalua las alternativas dada la situacion del mundo actual, la estructura de la ayuda internacional, las interacciones multisectoriales y los marcos macroeconomicos y planes globales de desarrollo de los paises.

Access To Health Care --- Child Mortality Rates --- Health --- Hospitals --- Spanish Translation

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Newborn infants --- Nouveau-nés --- Death --- Religious aspects --- Mort --- Aspect religieux --- Europe --- Europe --- Social conditions --- Conditions sociales --- Europe --- Social and Christian History --- Child Mortality --- 11th-20th Century