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Chickenpox. --- Measles.

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Chickenpox --- Herpesvirus 3, Human --- Viral Vaccines --- prevention & control --- immunology

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Varicella-zoster virus is a common human pathogen that causes varicella (chickenpox), establishes latency in sensory nerve ganglia and can reactivate many years later as herpes zoster. Although the VZV genome is the smallest of the human herpesviruses, VZV genes encode at least 70 proteins. Molecular epidemiologic approaches based on genomic sequencing have documented the global distribution of VZV in distinct clades that reflect patterns of human migration. Contemporary molecular methods are making it possible to dissect how VZV gene products support the viral life cycle, including those that are necessary for viral replication, virion assembly and egress as well as those that permit take over of the host cell by modulating cell cycle regulation, survival and intrinsic antiviral responses. Progress is also being made in understanding the events in VZV pathogenesis and the viral tropisms for keratinocytes, T cells, dendritic cells and neurons during primary infection, latency and reactivation and the innate and adaptive host responses that modulate these events. New insights about molecular virology and pathogenesis have emerged from comparative studies of VZV and simian varicella virus. VZV is the only human herpesvirus for which vaccines to prevent both primary and recurrent infection are approved and VZV vaccines have had significant public health benefits. These achievements and new directions that are unfolding are described in this review of VZV basic and clinical research.

Chickenpox. --- Herpesvirus diseases. --- Shingles (Disease). --- Varicella-zoster virus. --- Varicella-zoster virus --- Varicellovirus --- Alphaherpesvirinae --- Herpesvirus 3, Human --- Herpesviridae --- DNA Viruses --- Vertebrate Viruses --- Viruses --- Organisms --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Herpesviruses. --- Chickenpox virus --- Herpes zoster virus --- Human herpesvirus-3 --- Varicella virus --- VZ virus --- Medicine. --- Virology. --- Biomedicine. --- Microbiology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- DNA viruses --- Herpesviruses --- Medical virology. --- Medical microbiology --- Virology --- Virus diseases

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Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is a common disease in the elderly and the immunosuppressed, with potentially devastating sequelae. Diagnosis of HZO is clinical but almost all its manifestations are non-specific and often indistinguishable from those due to other causes in general and herpes simplex virus in particular. The exception is varicella-zoster virus epithelial keratitis, which is frequently the only indicator of the true nature of the disease. This book is unique in presenting high-magnification images, obtained by non-contact in vivo photomicrography, that capture the distinctive features of varicella-zoster virus epithelial keratitis in HZO. Both the morphology and the dynamics of the corneal epithelial lesions are splendidly documented, including in patients with HZO sine herpete and recurrent disease. Three rare cases of ocular surface involvement in acute HZO are included, and the final chapter offers an illuminating comparison of varicella-zoster virus epithelial keratitis in HZO and the lesions of herpes simplex virus. This book will serve as an indispensable aid in the prompt diagnosis of HZO.

Diseases -- Elderly. --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Eye -- Diseases -- Elderly. --- Eye -- Diseases. --- Geriatrics. --- Ophthalmology. --- Varicellovirus --- Herpes Simplex --- Eye Infections, Viral --- Herpes Zoster --- Keratitis --- Eye Infections --- Herpesviridae Infections --- Virus Diseases --- Alphaherpesvirinae --- Corneal Diseases --- Herpesviridae --- Eye Diseases --- DNA Virus Infections --- Diseases --- DNA Viruses --- Vertebrate Viruses --- Viruses --- Herpesvirus 3, Human --- Keratitis, Herpetic --- Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus --- Organisms --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Ophthalmology & Optometry --- Ophthalmic zoster. --- Varicella-zoster virus. --- Keratitis. --- Cornea --- Virus diseases. --- Diseases. --- Keratomalacia --- Chickenpox virus --- Herpes zoster virus --- Human herpesvirus-3 --- Varicella virus --- VZ virus --- Ganglionitis, Gasserian --- Gasserian ganglionitis --- Herpes ophthalmicus --- Herpes zoster ophthalmicus --- Ocular herpes zoster --- Ocular zoster --- Medicine. --- Infectious diseases. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Viral diseases --- Viral infections --- Virus infections --- Communicable diseases --- Medical virology --- Pathogenic viruses --- Eye --- Herpesviruses --- Shingles (Disease) --- Inflammation --- Infections --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases