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Bien qu’il n’y ait consacré aucun ouvrage, Descartes s’intéressait à la chimie de son temps, qui s’appelait aussi alchimie. On a souvent oublié cet aspect de ses recherches scientifiques, alors que les questions de chimie trouvent leur place dans Les météores de 1637 et constituent l’essentiel de la quatrième partie des Principes de la philosophie. Pour autant, loin de vouloir donner à la chimie le statut d’une science comparable à la mécanique ou à la médecine, Descartes s’est plutôt employé à réduire les opérations de la chimie à celles de la mécanique, contestant ainsi la spécificité des opérations et des concepts de la chimie de son temps. Le système cartésien ne pouvait en effet se satisfaire ni des « esprits » de la chimie, au statut ambigu entre matière et pensée, ni des principes paracelsiens, Mercure, Soufre et Sel, qui n’avaient d’autre consistance que les propriétés sensibles qu’ils manifestaient. Se pose alors la question de la possibilité d’une chimie cartésienne. Le corpuscularisme de chimistes comme Robert Boyle ou Nicolas Lémery s’inspire davantage de la tradition alchimique et des recherches chimiques de l’époque que du cartésianisme. C’est en défendant son autonomie à l’égard de la physique et de la médecine que la chimie a pu se développer dans la seconde partie du XVIIe siècle et au XVIIIe siècle, en se présentant comme une science empirique se défiant de tout présupposé métaphysique. L’influence cartésienne semble alors s’évanouir au fur et à mesure que se développe la chimie.
Science --- Philosophy --- Chemistry --- History --- Descartes, René, --- Science - Philosophy --- Chemistry - Philosophy - History --- Descartes, René, - 1596-1650 --- Descartes, René, --- Chimie --- 17e siècle --- Descartes, René, 1596-1650
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This book addresses themes in the newly emerging discipline of philosophy of chemistry, in particular issues in connection with discussions in general philosophy of science on natural kinds, reduction and ceteris paribus laws. The philosophical issue addressed in all chapters is the relation between, on the one hand, the manifest image (the daily practice or common-sense-life-form) and on the other the scientific image, both of which claim to be the final arbiter of "everything." With respect to chemistry, the question raised is this: Where does this branch of science fit in, with the manifest or scientific image? Most philosophers and chemists probably would reply unhesitatingly, the scientific image. The aim of this book is to raise doubts about that self-evidence. It is argued that chemistry is primarily the science of manifest substances, whereas “micro” or “submicro” scientific talk―though important, useful, and insightful―does not change what matters, namely the properties of manifest substances. These manifest substances, their properties and uses cannot be reduced to talk of molecules or solutions of the Schrödinger equation. If “submicroscopic” quantum mechanics were to be wrong, it would not affect all (or any) “microlevel” chemical knowledge of molecules. If molecular chemistry were to be wrong, it wouldn't disqualify knowledge of, say, water―not at the “macrolevel” (e.g. its viscosity at 50 °C), nor at the pre- or protoscientific manifest level (e.g. ice is frozen water).
Chimie théorique --- Theoretische chemie --- Chemistry --- Philosophy. --- 168.521 --- -Academic collection --- Physical sciences --- Natuurwetenschappen. Exacte wetenschappen --- Philosophy --- 168.521 Natuurwetenschappen. Exacte wetenschappen --- Academic collection --- Chemistry - Philosophy --- Philosophy of Science --- Chimie --- Philosophie et sciences --- Philosophie des sciences --- Philosophie --- Histoire
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Brain -- Research -- Congresses. --- Chemistry -- Philosophy -- Congresses. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Neurosciences -- Congresses. --- Neurosciences --- Brain --- Diagnostic Imaging --- Central Nervous System --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Research --- Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological --- Publication Formats --- Diseases --- Investigative Techniques --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Nervous System --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Science --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Publication Characteristics --- Anatomy --- Diagnosis --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Brain Mapping --- Nervous System Diseases --- Congresses --- Biomedical Research --- Physiology --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neuroscience --- Neurology --- Chemistry --- Philosophy
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French prose literature --- Chemistry --- Literature and science --- History and criticism --- Philosophy --- History --- Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent, --- Macquer, Pierre Joseph, --- France --- Intellectual life --- Literature, Modern --- -Chemistry --- -Enlightenment --- -French prose literature --- -Literature and science --- -Poetry and science --- Science and literature --- Science and poetry --- Science and the humanities --- French literature --- Aufklärung --- Eighteenth century --- Philosophy, Modern --- Rationalism --- Physical sciences --- history. --- -History and criticism --- Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent --- Macquer, Pierre Joseph --- France. --- Miquelon and Saint Pierre --- Miquelon and St. Pierre --- St. Pierre and Miquelon --- Corsica --- Saint Pierre and Miquelon --- -history. --- -Aufklärung --- Poetry and science --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Frankrig --- Francja --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Prantsusmaa --- Francia (Republic) --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Fa-kuo --- Faguo --- Франция --- French Republic --- République française --- Peurancih --- Frankryk --- Franse Republiek --- Francland --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- فرنسا --- Faransā --- Franza --- Republica Franzesa --- Gallia (Republic) --- Hyãsia --- Phransiya --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Францыя --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Parancis --- Pransya --- Franis --- Francuska --- Republika Francuska --- Bro-C'hall --- Френска република --- Frenska republika --- França --- República Francesa --- Pransiya --- Republikang Pranses --- Γαλλία --- Gallia --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- فرانسه --- Farānsah --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- פראנקרייך --- 法国 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- フランス --- Furansu --- フランス共和国 --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Francija --- Ranska --- Frankrike --- Enlightenment --- history --- Macquer, P. J. --- Macquer, --- Mākīrū, --- ماكيرو، --- Philosophy. --- French prose literature - 18th century - History and criticism --- Chemistry - Philosophy --- Chemistry - France - History - 18th century --- Literature and science - France --- Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent, - 1743-1794 --- Macquer, Pierre Joseph, - 1718-1784 --- France - Intellectual life - 18th century --- Chimie --- Histoire
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