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Stroke is a common cause of death and disability worldwide. Malnutrition is prevalent in stroke rehabilitation patients, and has serious negative effects on outcomes. In addition, there is growing interest in new concepts related to malnutrition, such as sarcopenia, frailty, cachexia, chronic inflammation, dysphagia, and oral problems, all of which contribute to a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to assess nutritional status early and, if needed, provide appropriate nutritional interventions to improve patient outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach is strongly recommended in this setting; as such, high-quality clinical evidence regarding clinical nutrition in stroke rehabilitation is needed. This reprint updates our knowledge of clinical nutrition for stroke patients and includes interesting studies on topics including nutrition and weight management in the early stages of stroke, the relationship between frailty and improved physical function, weight gain by providing stored energy, physical activity and diet quality, L-carnitine and cognitive levels, and the prediction of stroke prognosis using temporal muscles. The Guest Editor hopes that this reprint will help provide clinicians with up-to-date knowledge of nutritional management in stroke rehabilitation.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- energy intake --- home-discharge --- activity of daily living --- stroke --- l-carnitine --- hemodialysis --- vascular dementia --- diffusion tensor imaging --- diffusion kurtosis imaging --- neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging --- stroke patient --- Charlson Comorbidity Index --- World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II --- international physical activity questionnaire --- Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Quality --- health literacy --- International Classification of Diseases --- health-related behaviors --- Vietnam --- stored energy --- body weight gain --- skeletal muscle mass gain --- malnutrition --- aggressive rehabilitation nutrition --- sarcopenia --- SARC-F score --- disability --- malnutrition risks --- convalescent rehabilitation --- body weight --- functional recovery --- nutritional management --- frailty --- muscle volume --- nutritional status --- prognostic factor --- skeletal muscle mass --- temporal muscle thickness --- n/a

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This book collects multidisciplinary research articles focused on Clostridioides difficile infection. The contributions collected here shed some light on grey areas of our knowledge of Clostridioides difficile, including regional Clostridioides difficile phenotypic and genotypic patterns, the Clostridioides difficile infection clinical course and the mortality rate in different settings and patient case-mix, the levels of Clostridioides difficile toxins in patients' sera, and novel, promising therapeutic approaches. This collection serves as a valuable reservoir of knowledge for scientists and researchers in the field of infectious diseases.

Clostridioides difficile infection --- co–morbidities --- mortality --- malignancy --- outcome --- risk factors --- C. difficile infection --- molecular analysis --- toxin production --- antibiotic resistance --- microbiome --- C. difficile --- hamsters --- bovine immunoglobulins --- 16S rRNA --- next generation sequencing --- Clostridioides difficile --- Charlson comorbidity index --- Child–Pugh score --- Clostridioides difficile associated disease --- CDI --- nonalcoholic fatty liver disease --- NAFLD --- NASH --- recurrent disease --- antibacterial --- Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile --- peptidomimetic --- triazole --- baicalin --- gut dysbiosis --- mouse model --- spores --- anti-spore --- spore germination --- nanomaterial --- teicoplanin --- spore --- antibiotics --- multi-step algorithm --- multiplex “real-time” PCR --- PCR capillary-based electrophoresis ribotyping --- Clostridium difficile --- TcdA --- TcdB --- toxin --- toxemia --- plasma --- method --- quantification --- CDI severity --- n/a --- co-morbidities --- Child-Pugh score --- multiplex "real-time" PCR

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Stroke is a common cause of death and disability worldwide. Malnutrition is prevalent in stroke rehabilitation patients, and has serious negative effects on outcomes. In addition, there is growing interest in new concepts related to malnutrition, such as sarcopenia, frailty, cachexia, chronic inflammation, dysphagia, and oral problems, all of which contribute to a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to assess nutritional status early and, if needed, provide appropriate nutritional interventions to improve patient outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach is strongly recommended in this setting; as such, high-quality clinical evidence regarding clinical nutrition in stroke rehabilitation is needed. This reprint updates our knowledge of clinical nutrition for stroke patients and includes interesting studies on topics including nutrition and weight management in the early stages of stroke, the relationship between frailty and improved physical function, weight gain by providing stored energy, physical activity and diet quality, L-carnitine and cognitive levels, and the prediction of stroke prognosis using temporal muscles. The Guest Editor hopes that this reprint will help provide clinicians with up-to-date knowledge of nutritional management in stroke rehabilitation.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- energy intake --- home-discharge --- activity of daily living --- stroke --- l-carnitine --- hemodialysis --- vascular dementia --- diffusion tensor imaging --- diffusion kurtosis imaging --- neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging --- stroke patient --- Charlson Comorbidity Index --- World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II --- international physical activity questionnaire --- Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Quality --- health literacy --- International Classification of Diseases --- health-related behaviors --- Vietnam --- stored energy --- body weight gain --- skeletal muscle mass gain --- malnutrition --- aggressive rehabilitation nutrition --- sarcopenia --- SARC-F score --- disability --- malnutrition risks --- convalescent rehabilitation --- body weight --- functional recovery --- nutritional management --- frailty --- muscle volume --- nutritional status --- prognostic factor --- skeletal muscle mass --- temporal muscle thickness --- energy intake --- home-discharge --- activity of daily living --- stroke --- l-carnitine --- hemodialysis --- vascular dementia --- diffusion tensor imaging --- diffusion kurtosis imaging --- neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging --- stroke patient --- Charlson Comorbidity Index --- World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II --- international physical activity questionnaire --- Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Quality --- health literacy --- International Classification of Diseases --- health-related behaviors --- Vietnam --- stored energy --- body weight gain --- skeletal muscle mass gain --- malnutrition --- aggressive rehabilitation nutrition --- sarcopenia --- SARC-F score --- disability --- malnutrition risks --- convalescent rehabilitation --- body weight --- functional recovery --- nutritional management --- frailty --- muscle volume --- nutritional status --- prognostic factor --- skeletal muscle mass --- temporal muscle thickness

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Appropriate nutrition is a cornerstone of preventive gerontology. This Special Issue of Nutrients provides new insights on nutritional assessment and potential modifications of nutritional behaviours and supplements to prevent age-associated disorders and to increase life expectancy in different populations of older subjects. It includes five original articles and four systematic reviews. This Special Issue presents several aspects of the assessment of nutritional status and the prevention and treatment of nutritional deficiencies in different populations of older adults. Undoubtedly, future research will deepen our knowledge on this crucial public health issue.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- citicoline --- neurology --- supplementation --- treatment --- tryptophan --- diet in the elderly --- depression --- mood disorders --- serotonin and kynurenine pathways of tryptophan metabolism --- olive oil --- metabolic syndrome --- obesity --- women --- menopause --- healthy ageing --- micronutrients --- aging --- DNA damage --- genome stability --- neurodegenerative disorders --- cancer --- older adults --- nutrition --- malnutrition --- epigenetic regulation of gene expression --- DNA methylation --- epigenetic diet --- caloric restriction --- elderly --- fragile populations --- hospitalization --- hypoalbuminemia --- public health --- serum albumin --- NRS-2002 --- SGA --- VES-13 --- Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment --- nutritional status --- education level --- older people --- survival --- geriatrics --- vitamin D --- TUG --- lymphocytes --- GNRI --- Charlson Comorbidity Index --- Bayesian model averaging --- citicoline --- neurology --- supplementation --- treatment --- tryptophan --- diet in the elderly --- depression --- mood disorders --- serotonin and kynurenine pathways of tryptophan metabolism --- olive oil --- metabolic syndrome --- obesity --- women --- menopause --- healthy ageing --- micronutrients --- aging --- DNA damage --- genome stability --- neurodegenerative disorders --- cancer --- older adults --- nutrition --- malnutrition --- epigenetic regulation of gene expression --- DNA methylation --- epigenetic diet --- caloric restriction --- elderly --- fragile populations --- hospitalization --- hypoalbuminemia --- public health --- serum albumin --- NRS-2002 --- SGA --- VES-13 --- Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment --- nutritional status --- education level --- older people --- survival --- geriatrics --- vitamin D --- TUG --- lymphocytes --- GNRI --- Charlson Comorbidity Index --- Bayesian model averaging