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The human genome, as with the genome of most organisms, is comprised of various types of mobile genetic element derived repeats. Mobile genetic elements that mobilize by an RNA intermediate, include both autonomous and non-autonomous retrotransposons, and mobilize by a “copy and paste” mechanism that relies of the presence of a functional reverse transcriptase activity. The extent to which these different types of elements are actively mobilizing varies among organisms, as revealed with the advent of Next Generation DNA sequencing (NGS).To understand the normal and aberrant mechanisms that impact the mobility of these elements requires a more extensive understanding of how these elements interact with molecular pathways of the cell, including DNA repair, recombination and chromatin. In addition, epigenetic based-mechanisms can also influence the mobility of these elements, likely by transcriptional activation or repression in certain cell types. Studies regarding how mobile genetic elements interface and evolve with these pathways will rely on genomic studies from various model organisms. In addition, the mechanistic details of how these elements are regulated will continue to be elucidated with the use of genetic, biochemical, molecular, cellular, and bioinformatic approaches. Remarkably, the current understanding regarding the biology of these elements in the human genome, suggests these elements may impact developmental biology, including cellular differentiation, neuronal development, and immune function. Thus, aberrant changes in these molecular pathways may also impact disease, including neuronal degeneration, autoimmunity, and cancer.

transposon --- genome stability --- model organisms --- reverse transcriptase --- Mobile DNA --- RNA-dependent DNA polymerase --- cellular differentiation --- retrotransposon --- DNA repair

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The human genome, as with the genome of most organisms, is comprised of various types of mobile genetic element derived repeats. Mobile genetic elements that mobilize by an RNA intermediate, include both autonomous and non-autonomous retrotransposons, and mobilize by a “copy and paste” mechanism that relies of the presence of a functional reverse transcriptase activity. The extent to which these different types of elements are actively mobilizing varies among organisms, as revealed with the advent of Next Generation DNA sequencing (NGS).To understand the normal and aberrant mechanisms that impact the mobility of these elements requires a more extensive understanding of how these elements interact with molecular pathways of the cell, including DNA repair, recombination and chromatin. In addition, epigenetic based-mechanisms can also influence the mobility of these elements, likely by transcriptional activation or repression in certain cell types. Studies regarding how mobile genetic elements interface and evolve with these pathways will rely on genomic studies from various model organisms. In addition, the mechanistic details of how these elements are regulated will continue to be elucidated with the use of genetic, biochemical, molecular, cellular, and bioinformatic approaches. Remarkably, the current understanding regarding the biology of these elements in the human genome, suggests these elements may impact developmental biology, including cellular differentiation, neuronal development, and immune function. Thus, aberrant changes in these molecular pathways may also impact disease, including neuronal degeneration, autoimmunity, and cancer.

transposon --- genome stability --- model organisms --- reverse transcriptase --- Mobile DNA --- RNA-dependent DNA polymerase --- cellular differentiation --- retrotransposon --- DNA repair

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
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A major new theory of why human intelligence has not evolved in other speciesThe Human Evolutionary Transition offers a unified view of the evolution of intelligence, presenting a bold and provocative new account of how animals and humans have followed two powerful yet very different evolutionary paths to intelligence. This incisive book shows how animals rely on robust associative mechanisms that are guided by genetic information, which enable animals to sidestep complex problems in learning and decision making but ultimately limit what they can learn. Humans embody an evolutionary transition to a different kind of intelligence, one that relies on behavioral and mental flexibility. The book argues that flexibility is useless to most animals because they lack sufficient opportunities to learn new behavioral and mental skills. Humans find these opportunities in lengthy childhoods and through culture.Blending the latest findings in fields ranging from psychology to evolutionary anthropology, The Human Evolutionary Transition draws on computational analyses of the problems organisms face, extensive overviews of empirical data on animal and human learning, and mathematical modeling and computer simulations of hypotheses about intelligence. This compelling book demonstrates that animal and human intelligence evolved from similar selection pressures while identifying bottlenecks in evolution that may explain why human-like intelligence is so rare.

SCIENCE / Cognitive Science. --- Activation. --- Adaptation. --- Anatomically modern human. --- Animal cognition. --- Approach Behavior. --- Backtracking. --- Behavior. --- Behavioral modernity. --- Biology. --- Cellular differentiation. --- Cognition. --- Cognitive Psychology. --- Cognitive architecture. --- Cognitive revolution. --- Cognitive test. --- Combinatorial explosion. --- Comparative psychology. --- Computer. --- Conceptual framework. --- Cost-effectiveness analysis. --- Cultural evolution. --- Cultural history. --- Decision-making. --- Developmental psychology. --- Dimension. --- Dynamical system. --- Early childhood. --- Ecological niche. --- Emergence. --- Energy consumption. --- Episodic-like memory. --- Ethology. --- Evolution of human intelligence. --- Evolution. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Evolutionary dynamics. --- Evolutionary psychology. --- Explanatory power. --- Forward chaining. --- Genetic divergence. --- Genre. --- Gopnik. --- Governance. --- Hominidae. --- Human behavior. --- Human evolution (origins of society and culture). --- Human evolution. --- Implementation. --- Inference. --- Information processing. --- Institution. --- Invention. --- Jay. --- Language acquisition. --- Language. --- Learning curve. --- Learning. --- Life. --- Mass production. --- Mating. --- Mental process. --- Modern Studies. --- Observational learning. --- Obstacle. --- Order of acquisition. --- Organism. --- Outsourcing. --- Ownership (psychology). --- Perception. --- Perceptual learning. --- Philosophical theory. --- Planning. --- Population genetics. --- Probability. --- Programming language. --- Prokaryote. --- Reality. --- Reinforcement. --- Result. --- Sample Size. --- Scientific notation. --- Sensory processing. --- Skill. --- Social environment. --- Social intelligence. --- Social learning theory. --- Socialism. --- Sociocultural evolution. --- Stimulus (physiology). --- Suggestion. --- Summation. --- Supercomputer. --- Symbol. --- Symbolic language (engineering). --- Symbolic system. --- The Major Transitions in Evolution. --- Thought. --- Tool Use Behavior. --- Trait theory. --- Zone of proximal development. --- Neurosciences --- Research. --- Research --- Methodology. --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system