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Au cours du développement, les neurones engendrés dans les zones ventriculaires (VZ) migrent à travers le parenchyme vers leur destination, puis forment leur axone et leurs dendrites avant d’établir les connexions. Le laboratoire DENE est intéressé par le contrôle génétique de la migration et de la différentiation neuronale, en particulier par le rôle des cadhérines atypiques Celsr1-3, codées par les gènes orthologue de Flamingo/Starry night (Fmi) chez la drosophile, un gène qui jour un rôle crucial dans la régulation de la polarité cellulaire planaire (PCP).
Dans ce travail, nous étudions le rôle de Cels1, qui est exprimé dans les cellules souches, par observation de souris KO[1]. Les souris hétérozygotes Celsr1+/- sont normales et fertiles. En revanche, les homozygotes sont stériles et ont un phénotype complexe et d’expressivité variable. Certains animaux meurent à la naissance avec un tube neural ouvert. D’autres survivent à l’âge adulte avec des anomalies de comportement mal définies. Les poils sont mal implantés, et certains animaux ont une queue enroulée. Le phénotype cutané est semblable à celui des mutants Frizzled6. Comme Fmi ; Frizzled est impliqué dans le signal PCP chez drosophile. Donc, comme leurs orthologues chez la mouche, Celsr1 et Frizzled6 collaborent probablement chez les mammifères.
Lors de l’examen histologique de cerveaux normaux et Celsr1-/-, nous avons noté une atrophie majeure sur le bulbe olfactif (OB) et du courant de migration rostral (RMS) – formé par les neurones en route vers l’OB – chez les mutants âgés. Par immunohistochimie avec des anticorps anti-doublecortin (Dcx), une protéine associée aux microtubules exrimée par les neurones immatures, nous avons confirmé l’atrophie du RMS et montré que des neurones, au lieu de migrer rostralement vers l’OB, se dirigent latéralement en position ectopique dans le cortex frontal, alors que d’autres migrent caudalement le long des ventricules latéraux. Par des marqueurs d’interneurones, nous avons montré une forte diminution des interneurones de l’OB, à l’exception des interneurones à parvalbumine.
Nos résultats suggèrent que l’inactivation de Celsr1 dans les cellules souches neurales adultes perturbe la migration des neurones qu’elles engendrent. Una situation analogue à été observée récemment au niveau de la formation des neurones du noyau facial dans le rhombencéphale. Donc, la détermination de la direction des neurones en migration pourrait constituer une fonction cruciale de Celsr1 et du signal PCP dans les cellules souches neurales During development, neurons generated in ventricular zones (VZ) migrate through the brain to reach their destination. Then, they extend their axon and dendrites, and connections are progressively established. The DENE laboratory is interested in the genetic control of neuronal migration and differentiation, particularly in the role of atypical cadherins Celsr1-3, coded by orthologs of Flamingo/Starring night (Fmi or Stan) in Drosophila, which play a key role in the regulation of planar cell polarity (PCP).
Here, we focused on the role of Celsr1, which is expressed in neural stem cells, by studying Celsr1 mutant mice. Whereas heterozygous Celsr1+/- mice are normal and fertile, homozygous mutants are sterile and harbour a complex phenotype. Some die perinatally with open neural tube. Others survive to adult with poorly defined behavioural abnormalities. In the skin, hair patterns are abnormal, and some animals have a looping tail. The hair phenotype is similar to that in mice with defective Frizzled6 (Fzd6). Like, Frizzled is a core regulator of PCP in flies. Thus, Celsr1 and Fzd6 are likely to work together in mammals, like their orthologs do in files.
While examining sections of wild-type and Celsr1 mutant brains, we found that the olfactory bulb (OB) and rostral migratory stream (RMS) of aged Celsr1 mutants are reduced, almost absent in some animals. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies against Doublecortin (Dcx), a microtubule associated protein expressed in immature neurons, confirmed that the RMS is thinner in mutant than that in wild-type. Some Dcx-positive cells, instead if migrating rostrally, move laterally and settle in ectopic position in the polar prefrontal cortex, while others migrate caudally along the lateral ventricle. Using interneutron markers, we found that there are less tyrosine hydroxylase-, calbindin- and calretinin-positive interneurons in the glomerular and granule cell layer of the mutant than in the wild-type OB. In contrast, parvalbumin-positive interneutrons, which are not consistently renewed in the adult, are not affected in Celsr1 mutants.
These findings suggest that inactivation of Celsr1 in adult neural stem cells in subependymal zones perturbs the direction of migration of immature neurons generated from them. An analogous situation was recently observed in facial branchiomotor neurons in the rhombencephalon. Thus, determining the direction of neuronal migration may be a key feature of Celsr1 and PCP signaling
Cell Polarity --- Celsr1 protein, mouse --- Olfactory Bulb --- Neurons
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This volume explores detailed methods to investigate various aspects of biology related to cell polarity, or asymmetry within a cell. Molecular, cellular, and tissue-level regulation and function as well as diseases caused by impairment of cell polarity are explored by these methods. Beginning with advanced imaging and biochemical methods, the book continues with planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling in morphogenesis in diverse developmental contexts, apicobasal (AB) cell polarity in development and diseases, as well as directional cell migration and biomechanics in cell polarity. The collection includes the usage of a wide variety of model systems and an extensive array of techniques, including genetic, imaging, biochemical, and biomechanical. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and comprehensive, Cell Polarity Signaling: Methods and Protocols aims to enable researchers to delve into the stimulating field of cell polarity and contribute to our understanding of how coordinated control of protein stability, trafficking, membrane retention, post-translational modification, and dynamic organization leads to active regulation of cell polarity. Chapter 29 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Cytology. --- Polarity (Biology). --- Cell Polarity. --- Cell Biology. --- Biology --- Tissues --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Polarity (Biology)
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Cell Membrane --- Central Nervous System --- Myelin Sheath --- Cell Polarity --- metabolism --- physiology
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Celdifferentiatie --- Cell differentiation --- Cellen--Differentiatie --- Cells--Differentiation --- Cellules epitheliales --- Cellules--Différentiation --- Differentiation of cells --- Differentitie [Cel] --- Différenciation cellulaire --- Epitheelcellen --- Epithelial cells --- Nerve-cells --- Neurocyte --- Neuronen --- Neurones --- Neurons --- Polariteit (Biologie) --- Polarity (Biology) --- Polarité (Biologie) --- -Epithelial cells --- -Cytology --- -Polarity (Biology) --- Epithelium --- Exfoliative cytology --- Cell Polarity --- Cytology --- Biology --- Tissues --- Cells --- Congresses --- Cell Differentiation --- Congresses. --- congresses. --- Cell polarity
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“Symmetry Breaking in Cells and Tissues” presents a collection of seventeen reviews, opinions and original research papers contributed by theoreticians, physicists and mathematicians, as well as experimental biologists, united by a common interest in biological pattern formation and morphogenesis. The contributors discuss diverse manifestations of symmetry breaking in biology and showcase recent developments in experimental and theoretical approaches to biological morphogenesis and pattern formation on multiple scales.
Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- actin waves --- curved proteins --- dynamic instability --- podosomes --- diffusion --- cell polarity --- Cdc42 --- stress --- cellular memory --- phase separation --- prions --- apoptotic extrusion --- oncogenic extrusion --- contractility --- actomyosin --- bottom-up synthetic biology --- motor proteins --- pattern formation --- self-organization --- cell motility --- signal transduction --- actin dynamics --- intracellular waves --- polarization --- direction sensing --- symmetry-breaking --- biphasic responses --- reaction-diffusion --- membrane and cortical tension --- cell fusion --- cortexillin --- cytokinesis --- Dictyostelium --- myosin --- symmetry breaking --- cytoplasmic flow --- phase-space analysis --- nonlinear waves --- actin polymerization --- bifurcation theory --- mass conservation --- spatial localization --- activator–inhibitor models --- developmental transitions --- cell polarization --- mathematical model --- fission yeast --- reaction–diffusion model --- small GTPases --- Cdc42 oscillations --- pseudopod --- Ras activation --- cytoskeleton --- chemotaxis --- neutrophils --- natural variation --- modelling --- activator-substrate mechanism --- mass-conserved models --- intracellular polarization --- partial differential equations --- sensitivity analysis --- GTPase activating protein (GAP) --- fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe --- CRY2-CIBN --- optogenetics --- clustering --- positive feedback --- network evolution --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- polarity --- modularity --- neutrality --- n/a
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“Symmetry Breaking in Cells and Tissues” presents a collection of seventeen reviews, opinions and original research papers contributed by theoreticians, physicists and mathematicians, as well as experimental biologists, united by a common interest in biological pattern formation and morphogenesis. The contributors discuss diverse manifestations of symmetry breaking in biology and showcase recent developments in experimental and theoretical approaches to biological morphogenesis and pattern formation on multiple scales.
actin waves --- curved proteins --- dynamic instability --- podosomes --- diffusion --- cell polarity --- Cdc42 --- stress --- cellular memory --- phase separation --- prions --- apoptotic extrusion --- oncogenic extrusion --- contractility --- actomyosin --- bottom-up synthetic biology --- motor proteins --- pattern formation --- self-organization --- cell motility --- signal transduction --- actin dynamics --- intracellular waves --- polarization --- direction sensing --- symmetry-breaking --- biphasic responses --- reaction-diffusion --- membrane and cortical tension --- cell fusion --- cortexillin --- cytokinesis --- Dictyostelium --- myosin --- symmetry breaking --- cytoplasmic flow --- phase-space analysis --- nonlinear waves --- actin polymerization --- bifurcation theory --- mass conservation --- spatial localization --- activator–inhibitor models --- developmental transitions --- cell polarization --- mathematical model --- fission yeast --- reaction–diffusion model --- small GTPases --- Cdc42 oscillations --- pseudopod --- Ras activation --- cytoskeleton --- chemotaxis --- neutrophils --- natural variation --- modelling --- activator-substrate mechanism --- mass-conserved models --- intracellular polarization --- partial differential equations --- sensitivity analysis --- GTPase activating protein (GAP) --- fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe --- CRY2-CIBN --- optogenetics --- clustering --- positive feedback --- network evolution --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- polarity --- modularity --- neutrality --- n/a
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“Symmetry Breaking in Cells and Tissues” presents a collection of seventeen reviews, opinions and original research papers contributed by theoreticians, physicists and mathematicians, as well as experimental biologists, united by a common interest in biological pattern formation and morphogenesis. The contributors discuss diverse manifestations of symmetry breaking in biology and showcase recent developments in experimental and theoretical approaches to biological morphogenesis and pattern formation on multiple scales.
Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- actin waves --- curved proteins --- dynamic instability --- podosomes --- diffusion --- cell polarity --- Cdc42 --- stress --- cellular memory --- phase separation --- prions --- apoptotic extrusion --- oncogenic extrusion --- contractility --- actomyosin --- bottom-up synthetic biology --- motor proteins --- pattern formation --- self-organization --- cell motility --- signal transduction --- actin dynamics --- intracellular waves --- polarization --- direction sensing --- symmetry-breaking --- biphasic responses --- reaction-diffusion --- membrane and cortical tension --- cell fusion --- cortexillin --- cytokinesis --- Dictyostelium --- myosin --- symmetry breaking --- cytoplasmic flow --- phase-space analysis --- nonlinear waves --- actin polymerization --- bifurcation theory --- mass conservation --- spatial localization --- activator–inhibitor models --- developmental transitions --- cell polarization --- mathematical model --- fission yeast --- reaction–diffusion model --- small GTPases --- Cdc42 oscillations --- pseudopod --- Ras activation --- cytoskeleton --- chemotaxis --- neutrophils --- natural variation --- modelling --- activator-substrate mechanism --- mass-conserved models --- intracellular polarization --- partial differential equations --- sensitivity analysis --- GTPase activating protein (GAP) --- fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe --- CRY2-CIBN --- optogenetics --- clustering --- positive feedback --- network evolution --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- polarity --- modularity --- neutrality
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The arterial pole is one of the most complex parts of the heart both in development and disease. It involves the collaboration and orchestration of contributions from the first and second heart fields as well as the neural crest. The precursor cells differentiate into endocardial cushions and putative cardiac valves, the myocardium, and epicardium of the heart, but also into the different layers of the main arterial vessels. These include not only the aorta and the pulmonary trunk but also the pulmonary and coronary arteries, and during development, the arterial duct. Many transcriptional and signaling networks act in timely concert to acquire the proper asymmetric development and function and pressure and flow dynamics. This is not only a human or even mammalian ‘enterprise,’ but is also taking place in so-called ancestral forms from fish to reptiles, including birds. In humans, it is small wonder that many clinical syndromes may arise when something in this complexity is amiss. This Special Issue of JCDD contains contributions focussed on the heart fields, congenital cardiac malformations and associated syndromes, with special emphasis on the cardiac outflow tract. The Issue is devoted to Prof. Dr. Adriana Gittenberger-de Groot, who dedicated her extensive career to research on cardiovascular development.
Public health & preventive medicine --- transforming growth factor beta-3 --- cardiac development --- loeys dietz syndrome-5 --- arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia --- rienhoff syndrome --- cleft palate --- congenital heart disease --- outflow tract septation --- signaling networks --- transcription factor AP-2α --- cardiovascular development --- outflow tract --- pharyngeal arch artery --- neural crest cell --- pharyngeal ectoderm --- Tetralogy of Fallot --- monozygotic twins --- discordant phenotype --- genetics --- variations --- epigenetics --- DNA methylation --- candidate genes --- acute aortic syndrome --- cardiovascular disease --- aorta --- aortic valve replacement --- surgical --- aortic surgery --- bicuspid aortic valve --- Bentall --- Kommerell’s diverticulum --- right sided aortic arch --- anomalous left subclavian artery --- arteria lusoria --- tracheal compression --- esophageal compression --- transposition great arteries coronary anatomy --- Rac1 --- proliferation --- cell polarity --- congenital heart defects --- compact myocardium --- trabeculation --- aortic stenosis --- asymptomatic --- early surgery --- watchful waiting --- cardiac progenitor cells --- second heart field --- neural crest --- endocardium --- cushion --- valve --- ductus arteriosus --- neointima --- tunica media --- transcriptome --- lineage tracing --- developmental biology --- cell identity --- atrioventricular valve --- epicardium --- lateral cushion --- major cushion --- myxomatous degeneration --- homograft --- semilunar valves --- aortic regurgitation --- superimposed tissue --- original leaflet --- myofibroblasts --- free edge folding --- remodeling --- dissection of ductus arteriosus --- sudden unexpected intrauterine death --- single coronary artery --- Leiden Convention coronary coding system --- Lipton classification --- coronary artery anatomy --- transposition of the great arteries --- arterial switch operation --- coronary artery --- coronary complications --- imaging --- fetal aortic stenosis --- prenatal ultrasound --- postmortem histology --- speckle tracking analysis --- endocardial fibro-elastosis --- endocardial cushions --- cartilage --- foramen of Panizza --- left aorta --- right aorta --- pulmonary trunk --- pharyngeal arch arteries --- coronary arteries --- cardiac fields --- cardiomyocyte --- progenitor specification --- heart tube --- aortic wall --- cardiovascular pathogenesis --- arterial duct
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The arterial pole is one of the most complex parts of the heart both in development and disease. It involves the collaboration and orchestration of contributions from the first and second heart fields as well as the neural crest. The precursor cells differentiate into endocardial cushions and putative cardiac valves, the myocardium, and epicardium of the heart, but also into the different layers of the main arterial vessels. These include not only the aorta and the pulmonary trunk but also the pulmonary and coronary arteries, and during development, the arterial duct. Many transcriptional and signaling networks act in timely concert to acquire the proper asymmetric development and function and pressure and flow dynamics. This is not only a human or even mammalian ‘enterprise,’ but is also taking place in so-called ancestral forms from fish to reptiles, including birds. In humans, it is small wonder that many clinical syndromes may arise when something in this complexity is amiss. This Special Issue of JCDD contains contributions focussed on the heart fields, congenital cardiac malformations and associated syndromes, with special emphasis on the cardiac outflow tract. The Issue is devoted to Prof. Dr. Adriana Gittenberger-de Groot, who dedicated her extensive career to research on cardiovascular development.
transforming growth factor beta-3 --- cardiac development --- loeys dietz syndrome-5 --- arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia --- rienhoff syndrome --- cleft palate --- congenital heart disease --- outflow tract septation --- signaling networks --- transcription factor AP-2α --- cardiovascular development --- outflow tract --- pharyngeal arch artery --- neural crest cell --- pharyngeal ectoderm --- Tetralogy of Fallot --- monozygotic twins --- discordant phenotype --- genetics --- variations --- epigenetics --- DNA methylation --- candidate genes --- acute aortic syndrome --- cardiovascular disease --- aorta --- aortic valve replacement --- surgical --- aortic surgery --- bicuspid aortic valve --- Bentall --- Kommerell’s diverticulum --- right sided aortic arch --- anomalous left subclavian artery --- arteria lusoria --- tracheal compression --- esophageal compression --- transposition great arteries coronary anatomy --- Rac1 --- proliferation --- cell polarity --- congenital heart defects --- compact myocardium --- trabeculation --- aortic stenosis --- asymptomatic --- early surgery --- watchful waiting --- cardiac progenitor cells --- second heart field --- neural crest --- endocardium --- cushion --- valve --- ductus arteriosus --- neointima --- tunica media --- transcriptome --- lineage tracing --- developmental biology --- cell identity --- atrioventricular valve --- epicardium --- lateral cushion --- major cushion --- myxomatous degeneration --- homograft --- semilunar valves --- aortic regurgitation --- superimposed tissue --- original leaflet --- myofibroblasts --- free edge folding --- remodeling --- dissection of ductus arteriosus --- sudden unexpected intrauterine death --- single coronary artery --- Leiden Convention coronary coding system --- Lipton classification --- coronary artery anatomy --- transposition of the great arteries --- arterial switch operation --- coronary artery --- coronary complications --- imaging --- fetal aortic stenosis --- prenatal ultrasound --- postmortem histology --- speckle tracking analysis --- endocardial fibro-elastosis --- endocardial cushions --- cartilage --- foramen of Panizza --- left aorta --- right aorta --- pulmonary trunk --- pharyngeal arch arteries --- coronary arteries --- cardiac fields --- cardiomyocyte --- progenitor specification --- heart tube --- aortic wall --- cardiovascular pathogenesis --- arterial duct
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The arterial pole is one of the most complex parts of the heart both in development and disease. It involves the collaboration and orchestration of contributions from the first and second heart fields as well as the neural crest. The precursor cells differentiate into endocardial cushions and putative cardiac valves, the myocardium, and epicardium of the heart, but also into the different layers of the main arterial vessels. These include not only the aorta and the pulmonary trunk but also the pulmonary and coronary arteries, and during development, the arterial duct. Many transcriptional and signaling networks act in timely concert to acquire the proper asymmetric development and function and pressure and flow dynamics. This is not only a human or even mammalian ‘enterprise,’ but is also taking place in so-called ancestral forms from fish to reptiles, including birds. In humans, it is small wonder that many clinical syndromes may arise when something in this complexity is amiss. This Special Issue of JCDD contains contributions focussed on the heart fields, congenital cardiac malformations and associated syndromes, with special emphasis on the cardiac outflow tract. The Issue is devoted to Prof. Dr. Adriana Gittenberger-de Groot, who dedicated her extensive career to research on cardiovascular development.
Public health & preventive medicine --- transforming growth factor beta-3 --- cardiac development --- loeys dietz syndrome-5 --- arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia --- rienhoff syndrome --- cleft palate --- congenital heart disease --- outflow tract septation --- signaling networks --- transcription factor AP-2α --- cardiovascular development --- outflow tract --- pharyngeal arch artery --- neural crest cell --- pharyngeal ectoderm --- Tetralogy of Fallot --- monozygotic twins --- discordant phenotype --- genetics --- variations --- epigenetics --- DNA methylation --- candidate genes --- acute aortic syndrome --- cardiovascular disease --- aorta --- aortic valve replacement --- surgical --- aortic surgery --- bicuspid aortic valve --- Bentall --- Kommerell’s diverticulum --- right sided aortic arch --- anomalous left subclavian artery --- arteria lusoria --- tracheal compression --- esophageal compression --- transposition great arteries coronary anatomy --- Rac1 --- proliferation --- cell polarity --- congenital heart defects --- compact myocardium --- trabeculation --- aortic stenosis --- asymptomatic --- early surgery --- watchful waiting --- cardiac progenitor cells --- second heart field --- neural crest --- endocardium --- cushion --- valve --- ductus arteriosus --- neointima --- tunica media --- transcriptome --- lineage tracing --- developmental biology --- cell identity --- atrioventricular valve --- epicardium --- lateral cushion --- major cushion --- myxomatous degeneration --- homograft --- semilunar valves --- aortic regurgitation --- superimposed tissue --- original leaflet --- myofibroblasts --- free edge folding --- remodeling --- dissection of ductus arteriosus --- sudden unexpected intrauterine death --- single coronary artery --- Leiden Convention coronary coding system --- Lipton classification --- coronary artery anatomy --- transposition of the great arteries --- arterial switch operation --- coronary artery --- coronary complications --- imaging --- fetal aortic stenosis --- prenatal ultrasound --- postmortem histology --- speckle tracking analysis --- endocardial fibro-elastosis --- endocardial cushions --- cartilage --- foramen of Panizza --- left aorta --- right aorta --- pulmonary trunk --- pharyngeal arch arteries --- coronary arteries --- cardiac fields --- cardiomyocyte --- progenitor specification --- heart tube --- aortic wall --- cardiovascular pathogenesis --- arterial duct
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