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Le virus de Theiler, ou Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus (TMEV) est un picornavirus murin appartenant au genre Cardiovirus. Ce virus peut causer, dans certaines circonstances, une infection persistante du système nerveux central de la souris, caractérisée par des lésions démyélinisantes chroniques semblables à celles retrouvées dans la sclérose en plaques. Pour pouvoir persister, le virus doit s’opposer à la réponse immunitaire de l’hôte. La protéine Leader (L) du virus joue un rôle critique dans ce processus, notamment en bloquant la production de certaines cytokines et chimiokines produites en réponse à l’infection virale, comme les interférons de type I et RANTES. La protéine L provoque également une perturbation du trafic nucléocytoplasmique des protéines cellulaires, comme la protéine PTB. La mutation du doigt de zinc amino-terminal de la protéine affecte toutes ces fonctions.
Dans ce travail, nous avons montré que des mutations ponctuelle introduites dans le domaine carboxy-terminal de la protéine L affectent également ces fonctions de la protéine. Ce travail a donc contribué à définir un nouveau domaine critique pour l’activité de la protéine. Ce domaine est conservé chez l’ensemble des Theilovirus (TMEV, Saffold), mais est absent de la protéine L du virus EMCV. Par conséquent, nous l’avons appelé « theilo-domaine ».
Dans une deuxième partie de ce travail, nous avons montré que l’infection par TMEV déclenche l’apparition de granules de stress dans les cellules, mais que la formation de ces granules est inhibée par la protéine L. Ceci constitue une nouvelle fonction pour la protéine L du virus de Theiler.
Enfin, nous avons cherché à savoir, en utilisant des virus chimériques, si les protéines L de picornavirus récemment découverts et proches de TMEV partagent des fonctions communes avec la protéine L de TMEV. Des résultats préliminaires montrent que la protéine L du virus Saffold, un cardiovirus humain proche de TMEV, possède des fonctions semblables à celles de la protéine L de TMEV, notamment l’inhibition de la formation des granules de stress. De plus, une mutation du « theilo-domaine » de la protéine L du virus Saffold affecte l’activité de cette protéine Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus (TMEV) is a murine picornavirus belonging to the Cardiovirus genus. This virus can cause persistent infection of the central nervous system of the mouse, characterized by chronic demyelinating lesions similar to those found in multiple sclerosis. Antagonism of the host immune response is critical for viral persistence. The leader (L) protein of the virus plays an important role in this function, notably by blocking the production of cytokines and chemokines, such as type I interferons and RANTES. TMEV’s leader protein also perturbs nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of cellular proteins, such as PTB. Mutation of the N-terminal zinc-finger motif of the protein dramatically impairs these activities of the protein.
In this work, we have shown that point mutations introduced in the C-terminal domain of the L protein affect all of these functions. Thus, this work contributed to define a new critical domain for the activity of the L protein. This domain is conserved in the L protein of all Theiloviruses but is lacking in the L protein of EMCV. Accordingly, we called it “theilodomain”.
In a second part of this work, we have shown that infection of cells by Theiler’s virus triggers the formation of stress granules, but that this stress granules formation is blocked by the leader protein. This is a new function for the L protein of TMEV.
Finally, we tested, by constructing chimeric viruses, to what extent L proteins of recently discovered picornaviruses related to TMEV are functionnally interchangeables with TMEV’s L protein. Preliminary results show that L protein of Saffold virus, a human Cardiovirus closely related to TMEV, shares some activities with the L protein of TMEV, notably the antagonism of stress granules formation. Moreover, these activities are impaired when the conserved “theilo-domain” is mutated
Theilovirus --- Encephalomyocarditis virus --- Cell Aggregation --- Chemokine CCL5
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CELL AGGREGATION --- SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE --- CELLS, CULTURED --- CYTOLOGY --- CELL AGGREGATION --- SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE --- CELLS, CULTURED --- CYTOLOGY
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Cell aggregation --- Developmental cytology --- Congresses. --- Cytogenetics --- Genetic Code --- Cell Differentiation
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Cellular control mechanisms --- Sponges --- Cell aggregation --- Cell membranes
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Morphogenesis --- Cells --- Cell aggregation --- Cell Biology --- Cell aggregation --- Cell Adhesion --- Cell movement --- Cell membrane --- Cell transformation, Neoplastic
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FIBROBLASTS --- LUNG --- CELLS, CULTURED --- CELL DIVISION --- CELL AGGREGATION --- SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE --- CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR --- FIBROBLASTS --- LUNG --- CELLS, CULTURED --- CELL DIVISION --- CELL AGGREGATION --- SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE --- CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR
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Biofilms. --- Microbial aggregation. --- Aggregation, Microbial --- Microorganisms --- Cell aggregation --- Microbial aggregation --- Microbial ecology --- Aggregation
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International Review of Cytology presents current advances and comprehensive reviews in cell biology, both plant and animal. Articles address structure and control of gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, control of cell development and differentiation, and cell transformation and growth. Authored by some of the foremost scientists in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and directions for future research.This volume brings together current information on the localization and roles of RNAs in cell-lineage determination and subsequent patterning in embryo
Pattern formation (Biology) --- Cell lines. --- Cell lines --- Cell determination --- Embryology --- Cell aggregation --- Developmental cytology
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