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Neuromuscular monitoring is critical for the judicious use of muscle relaxants. In combination with reversal, it is fundamental to every successful strategy for managing postoperative residual blocks. This reference work is a compendium of all the essential information needed to monitor neuromuscular function. Physiological and pharmacological basics of neuromuscular transmission, principles of neuromuscular monitoring: How to place stimulation electrodes, properly select the stimulation mode and interprete findings, practical techniques for clinical routine, clinical concepts behind qualitative and quantitative nerve stimulators, comprehensive presentation of acceleromyography including a question & answer section, summaries of all key points, current guidelines on the scientific use of acceleromyography.

Anesthesiology. --- Medicine. --- Neuroeffector Junction --- Anesthesia and Analgesia --- Neurologic Manifestations --- Investigative Techniques --- Benzylisoquinolines --- Pathologic Processes --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Diagnosis --- Synapses --- Isoquinolines --- Signs and Symptoms --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Nervous System Diseases --- Nerve Endings --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Intercellular Junctions --- Diseases --- Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring --- Peripheral Nervous System --- Nervous System --- Heterocyclic Compounds --- Anatomy --- Cell Membrane Structures --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Cell Membrane --- Neuromuscular Junction --- Atracurium --- Paralysis --- Postoperative Complications --- Neuromuscular Blockade --- Monitoring, Physiologic --- Cellular Structures --- Cells --- Surgery & Anesthesiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Anesthesiology --- Neuromuscular transmission. --- Motoneuron transmission --- Motor neuron transmission --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Muscles --- Nerve endings --- Neural transmission --- Anaesthesiology --- Surgery

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Since its discovery and first publication in 1973, synaptic plasticity in its most popular form – the plasticity of excitatory glutamatergic synapses – has been widely investigated. But to fully understand how brain functions develop and are maintained, there is a need for studying the interaction between the different forms of plasticity. Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity integrates studies that have examined the induction, expression and functional role of inhibitory synaptic plasticity at different organizational levels (from the neuron to the circuit), through four main parts: Refinement, Addiction, Pain & Injury, and Learning & Memory. This volume brings together a large portion of the current thinking about the plasticity of inhibitory synapses, and will foster new ideas and hypotheses for the study of brain circuits and their function.

Human physiology. --- Medicine. --- Neurobiology. --- Neuroplasticity. --- Neurosciences. --- Synapses. --- Synapses --- Neuroplasticity --- Intercellular Junctions --- Nervous System --- Nervous System Physiological Processes --- Nervous System Physiological Phenomena --- Cell Membrane Structures --- Anatomy --- Neuronal Plasticity --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena --- Cell Membrane --- Phenomena and Processes --- Cellular Structures --- Cells --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neurology --- Neuroscience --- Nervous system --- Neural conduction. --- Regeneration. --- Conduction, Neural --- Nerve conduction --- Nerve regeneration --- Nervous system regeneration --- Neural regeneration --- Neuron regeneration --- Degeneration and regeneration --- Biomedicine. --- Human Physiology. --- Neurophysiology --- Nerve endings --- Nerves --- Neural circuitry --- Neural transmission --- Synaptosomes --- Nerve grafting --- Regeneration (Biology) --- Neurosciences --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Physiology --- Human body --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences

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Caveolae are 50-100 nm flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane that are primarily composed of cholesterol and sphingolipids. Using modern electron microscopy techniques, caveolae can be observed as omega-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane, fully-invaginated caveolae, grape-like clusters of interconnected caveolae (caveosome), or as transcellular channels as a consequence of the fusion of individual caveolae. The caveolin gene family consists of three distinct members, namely Cav-1, Cav-2 and Cav-3. Cav-1 and Cav-2 proteins are usually co-expressed and particularly abundant in epithelial, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells as well as adipocytes and fibroblasts. On the other hand, the Cav-3 protein appears to be muscle-specific and is therefore only expressed in smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscles. Caveolin proteins form high molecular weight homo- and/or hetero-oligomers and assume an unusual topology with both their N- and C-terminal domains facing the cytoplasm.

Cellular signal transduction. --- Membrane proteins. --- Biochemical Processes --- Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane --- Vesicular Transport Proteins --- Cell Physiological Processes --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Coated Vesicles --- Membrane Microdomains --- Medicine --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Health Occupations --- Cell Membrane Structures --- Transport Vesicles --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Chemical Processes --- Membrane Proteins --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Chemical Phenomena --- Cell Membrane --- Cytoplasmic Vesicles --- Phenomena and Processes --- Proteins --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Organelles --- Cellular Structures --- Cells --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Cytoplasmic Structures --- Anatomy --- Cytoplasm --- Intracellular Space --- Caveolins --- Caveolae --- Pathology --- Signal Transduction --- Physiology --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Biochemistry --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Medicine. --- Biomedicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Physicians --- Bioenergetics --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Information theory in biology --- Biomedicine, general. --- Health Workforce

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There has been a dramatic increase in knowledge of tight junctions in the past decade. The molecular structure of tight junctions, cellular functions and the pathophysiological roles of tight junctions are becoming clear. Of the most important functions, the role of the cellular structure in cancer spread and drug delivery are increasingly realised. It is now clear that there are fundamental changes to tight junctions during the process of cancer development. Tight junctions are also critical to the metastatic process of cancer cells. The cellular structure is also crucial in drug therapies, namely, the permeability and bioavailability of the drugs, penetration of barriers such as the blood brain barrier. This current volume aims to summarise the current knowledge of tight junctions, their role in cancer and cancer metastasis and is of interest to scientists and clinicians.

Metastasis. --- Neoplasm Metastasis -- physiopathology. --- Neoplasm Metastasis -- therapy. --- Metastasis --- Neoplastic Processes --- Intercellular Junctions --- Neoplasms --- Cell Membrane Structures --- Diseases --- Cell Membrane --- Cellular Structures --- Cells --- Anatomy --- Neoplasm Metastasis --- Tight Junctions --- Tight junctions (Cell biology) --- Molecular aspects. --- Cancer --- Cancer metastasis --- Dissemination of cancer --- Metastases --- Metastatic cancer --- Neoplasm metastasis --- Spread of cancer --- Tumor dissemination --- Tumor metastasis --- Tumor spread --- Junctions, Tight (Cell biology) --- Pentilaminar junctions (Cell biology) --- Zonula occludens --- Dissemination --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Oncology. --- Cell biology. --- Cell membranes. --- Biomedicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Cancer Research. --- Cell Biology. --- Membrane Biology. --- Pathology --- Cancer invasiveness --- Cancer of unknown primary origin --- Cell junctions --- Junctional complexes (Epithelium) --- Oncology  . --- Cytology. --- Cell surfaces --- Cytoplasmic membranes --- Plasma membranes --- Plasmalemma --- Membranes (Biology) --- Glycocalyces --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cytologists --- Tumors --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Physicians --- Health Workforce --- Cell membranes . --- Biomedicine, general. --- Cancer research

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"Nuclear envelope (NE) defects have been linked to cancer biology since the mid-1800s, but it was not until the last few years that we have begun to understand these historical links and to realize that there are myriad ways that the NE impacts on tumorigenesis. The NE  is a complex double membrane system that encloses the genome while providing structural support through the intermediate filament lamin polymer and regulating protein/ mRNA trafficking and signaling between the nucleus and cytoplasm via the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). These functions already provide some mechanisms for NE influences on cancer biology, but work in the past few years has elucidated many others. Lamins and many recently identified NE transmembrane proteins (NETs) have been now shown to function in DNA repair, regulation of cell cycle and signaling, apoptosis, cell migration in metastasis, and nuclear architecture and morphology. This volume presents a comprehensive overview of the wide range of functions recently identified for NE proteins and their relevance in cancer biology, providing molecular mechanisms and evidence of their value as prognostic and diagnostic markers, and suggesting new avenues for the treatment of cancer. Indeed some of these recent links are already yielding promising therapies, such as the current clinical trial of selective inhibitors of the nuclear export factor exportin in certain types of leukemia, melanoma and kidney cancer.".

Biology. --- Cancer. --- Medical Oncology -- periodicals. --- Neoplasms -- periodicals. --- Cancer cells --- Nuclear membranes --- Diseases --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Cell Membrane Structures --- Proteins --- Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Nuclear Proteins --- Cell Membrane --- Phenomena and Processes --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Cellular Structures --- Cells --- Anatomy --- Physiology --- Lamins --- Organelle Shape --- Metabolism --- Neoplasms --- Membrane Proteins --- Nuclear Envelope --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Oncology --- Cancer cells. --- Nuclear membranes. --- Nuclear envelope --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Medical microbiology. --- Proteins. --- Cell membranes. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Medical Microbiology. --- Protein Science. --- Membrane Biology. --- Biomedicine general. --- Cell surfaces --- Cytoplasmic membranes --- Plasma membranes --- Plasmalemma --- Membranes (Biology) --- Glycocalyces --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Cancer research --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Cell membranes --- Cell nuclei --- Pathology, Cellular --- Oncology. --- Microbiology. --- Biochemistry. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Tumors --- Composition --- Proteins . --- Cell membranes . --- Biomedicine, general. --- Health Workforce